Английский профессиональное обучение английскому языку English Today DVD 08
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Hello and welcome back to 'English today',
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this is DVD eight and the fourth
DVD of your elementary level.
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And in this DVD you will see another
two episodes of 'That's life!',
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our story, followed by our
special TV programmes.
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This time a sports expert will
be talking all about rugby,
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followed by air travel without
stress, featuring our travel expert.
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Then, in the grammar section, we will study
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the future forms 'will' and 'going to'
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and also look at special 'question
forms' and 'question tags'.
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Ok? So happy studying to you all!
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- How does this scarf suit me, Anne?
- Oh... Very well. You look fine!
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Really? l'm not sure... Look...
Maybe this one looks better...
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Don't panic, Peter! Everything is
going to be all right tonight!
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l don't know... Actually l've a sore
throat... And l'm losing my voice...
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l'll sing badly tonight, l'm sure!
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Come on, Peter! You will sing very well!
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You are a professional
singer! Don't forget it!
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Well, l'm going to have some
tea. Would you like some?
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Thank you, Anne! l would really like a cup
of tea. lf it's not too much trouble...
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No, not at all, l'll just
add some water to the pot.
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A cup of tea and my chocolate cake
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will keep your mind off the musical...
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- For five minutes at least!
- Shall l give you a hand?
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Uh... Yes, thanks...
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Here is the cake.
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- Oops...
- Oh Peter! Okay, listen...
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l know you are nervous,
but try to be careful, please!
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l'm sorry, Anne... Listen,
how do you think the musical will go?
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l think it will go very well!
'Grease' is considered a classic musical.
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lt's successful, entertaining...
There will be loads of people clapping.
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- Do you really think so?
- Sure l do!
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Hey, Peter, what time does the show start?
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At nine o'clock. How are we going
to get to the theatre?
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- l'm going to drive.
- l don't think that's a very good idea.
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Why not?
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Because parking there is almost impossible.
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- Okay, we'll take the Tube.
- That's a much better idea.
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- When shall we leave?
- Around eight thirty?
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- No, that's too late!
- Okay! We'll leave earlier!
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Oh... l'm so sorry, Anne!
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Peter, you're hopeless!
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Okay, okay, listen...
l think you need to relax a bit!
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- Why don't you go and take a nap?
- l can't sleep... l'm too nervous!
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Okay. Why don't you rehearse your part again?
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l can't... l can't remember anything!
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Okay. Okay. Go wherever you want...
Just, please, leave me alone! Please...
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Hi! And welcome back to 'English 2day!'
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The only live TV programme where
you can learn the English language.
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Did you see that Peter dropped chocolate cake
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and tea all over the table?
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And Anne didn't really react?
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She's becoming more
tolerant, isn't she? Great!
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Now... l have an interesting
thing to teach you in this lesson
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and it's about 'will'.
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Now, people usually think that 'will',
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the future 'will', is very easy in
English, but it isn't that easy,
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and in this lesson l want to look
at a particular use of 'will'.
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Now, watch this, listen:
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imagine that l'm in Oxford
Street, in London, shopping.
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l stop outside a shop and l see
a beautiful dress, and l think:
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l like that... l want that, and l say:
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l'll buy it!
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Now, 'l'll' it's the abbreviation
of 'l will', 'l'll buy it!'.
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We use this form when we
make a spontaneous decision.
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lt's nothing planned,
it happens spontaneously.
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lt's called in English 'a
snap, snap decision', alright?
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Let's continue, so l see the
dress and l think:
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l'll buy it! Great!
Then l look at the price...
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One thousand five hundred euro?
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Crikey!
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And l think:
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l won't buy it! Negative
of will, 'l won't buy it'.
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But then l think: no, wait a minute,
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l haven't bought myself anything
lovely for a long time!
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Maybe my boyfriend can help me...
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So l decide: l'll buy it!
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l go into the shop, l talk to the shop
assistant and l say:
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'That dress, l like that
dress, can l try it?'
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She says: 'Yes, yes, sure!'
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So l put it on, look at myself
in the mirror and think:
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'Fantastic, l'll take it!' So l go
to the shop assistant and l say:
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'l'll take it'!
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She says: 'Fine, Madam,
how would you like to pay?'
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How would l like to pay?
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Cash? Must be drinking!
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Cash, one thousand five hundred euros?
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Cash? No! Credit card!
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Yes, exactly, l'll pay by credit card, ok?
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l'll pay by credit card, so,
in my bag, here's my bag! Oh noo!
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l left my credit card at home!
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What shall l do? Good!
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l'll come back tomorrow.
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And she says: 'That's fine Madam,
that's fine, don't worry', she says,
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'l'll put it aside for you,
Madam, l'll put it aside'.
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And l say: 'Great! Thank you so much.
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Don't worry, l'll definitely
come back tomorrow'.
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Now, all those were examples of
'snap decisions', spontaneous
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decisions and that happens
many times in a day.
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So, let's look at the form together:
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we have 'l will' contracted to
become 'l'll', look at the examples:
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l'll try it!, l'll take it!,
l'll pay by credit card!,
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l'll put it aside for you!,
l'll make a bowl of pasta!
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And l'll come back later!
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So, snap, spontaneous
decisions 'l'll', alright?
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Now, the negative form...
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We've mentioned it before,
you heard me? With the money.
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ls 'won't'.
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Be careful with the pronunciation,
it's not 'want', it's 'won't',
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so the example is:
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l won't buy it! Or l won't pay by cash!
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Alright so? Will, won't.
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You can also ask a question in
this situation of a snap decision
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and you can say 'shall l?'.
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Now that's a big change because
will in the question form
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becomes 'shall'. So we say:
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'shall l make, shall l make a bowl of pasta?'
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Or 'shall l help you?'.
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Alright? That's the question form.
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So, l'll do it, l won't do it, shall l do it?
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So those are snap decisions,
very useful, very important,
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and not many people remember
that use of 'will'.
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Great! Let's go back and
see how Peter's feeling,
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and then l'll see you later,
l'll... see you later! Bye!
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Hi, Anne. Hi, Peter! l'm starving!
ls there anything to eat?
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How can you think about
food at a time like this?
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- Why? What's the matter?
- What's the matter?!
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- The performance is tonight!
- Come on, Peter! Don't panic!
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Everything is going to be all
right tonight... Don't worry!
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Why does everyone tell me
the same stupid things?!
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Because it's the truth!
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Look, Peter, take this lucky charm!
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l bought it in Portobello
market this morning.
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l'll give it to you as a lucky mascot!
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Remember, you have to kiss it three times...
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And then keep it in the
right pocket of your jacket.
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Why just in the right pocket?
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Well, l don't know...
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The woman who gave it to me said
that this is what you have to do.
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- Anyway, l'm sure it will bring you luck!
- Hmm! l'm not so sure...
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Why not? Shall we bet on it?
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Alright! Sounds like fun! How much?
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Oh, let's make it interesting.
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lf it brings you luck, you'll take me
for dinner at Bluebird.
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Bluebird? Are you crazy?
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That's London's most expensive restaurant!
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l know, l know... But the musical is
important to you, Peter, isn't it?
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All right Alice! What will you
do if it doesn't bring me luck?
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Well, l will cook dinner for a month!
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But you can't cook!
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Ah-ah, Peter! That's why l said it!
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This way l'm sure you will
make it bring you luck!
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Hello again and welcome back!
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The most expensive restaurant in London...
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Good for Alice!
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Now, in this lesson l want
to look at the future again,
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but at a new form of the future,
and it's the form 'going to'.
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And in the episode we heard Anne say:
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'Everything is going to be alright'.
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So l want to look at that form with you now.
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And... To illustrate it l want to
tell you about something wonderful
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that happened to me.
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l won, l've just won in
fact, twenty thousand euro,
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and l have to decide what
to do with this money.
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And l have a few intentions,
so, let me tell you about them.
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Firstly, l'm going to relax
for a few days in a spa...
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hopefully with my boyfriend,
relax in a spa...
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hot water, you know? Wonderful!
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Then l'm going to visit
some old friends in Canada
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that l haven't seen for a long time.
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So, that's good. Then what?
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Yes, then a dream:
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l'm going to travel around Turkey,
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and l'm going to go in a hot
air balloon over Cappadocia.
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Fabulous. Then what?
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l'm going to organise a surprise
holiday for my parents in Egypt.
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Another thing let's see...
another intention that l have...
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Oh yes, l'm going to buy another
double bass for my boyfriend
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because, you know...
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it's an expensive instrument and
he needs it for his work, so...
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l'm going to buy that.
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Then what?
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l'm going to buy another Jack Russell
Terrier to keep Zukie companion.
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And the last thing well... l think...
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l'm going to put the rest
in the bank. Alright?
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Now, l was explaining to you
my intentions for the future,
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and when you do that in English
you use a particular form,
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in the future, and it's 'going to'.
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Let's look at that on the screen:
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So, the verb 'to be' plus 'going to'
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and then the infinitive,
so the examples, that l was using,
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is this form:
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'l'm going to have some
tea', for example, you see?
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The verb 'to be', 'going to'
and the infinitive.
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'He's going to sing well', so 'he',
third person, change the auxiliary
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'he's going to sing well',
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'everything's going to be
all right' as Anne said.
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They're going to take the Tube', you know?
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The underground in London,
'they're going to take the Tube'.
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Now very often, when you hear this form,
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you hear a pronunciation like 'gonna'.
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So, 'they're gonna take the tube',
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and that's when we completely
contract 'they are going to...'
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and it becomes 'gonna'.
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And often you see that in subtitles,
in English, on films, 'gonna'.
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Now, the negative form, is easy,
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it's negative of the auxiliary 'to be' so...
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'l'm not going to leave tomorrow',
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'he isn't going to return soon',
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and 'we aren't going to
come with you', alright?
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Sometimes you hear 'l'm not
gonna...', 'he's not gonna...'.
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That's when we speak quickly, alright?
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And then the question form... again, easy,
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you invert the subject and the auxiliary:
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'how are we gonna get there?',
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'how are we going to get there?',
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'where is it gonna happen?'
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And 'when are they gonna leave?',
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Or 'are they going to leave?'.
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Alright? So, that's another
form of the future,
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and you can see slowly
that the English future
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is quite interesting and quite complex.
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So, when you want to talk about
your intentions you use 'going to'
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and l'm going to see you in the next lesson!
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Alright? Bye for now.
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- The musical was great, wasn't it?
- Yes, it was!
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Peter was excellent!
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Well, now let's think about
the party! lt's time for fun!
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Uh, by the way, who is coming
to the party tomorrow?
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Well... David will be here.
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Mary, Paul and Tom will be here as well...
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Everyone will be here!
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- l wonder if Jack will be here...
- Jack? Why?
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00:17:51,420 --> 00:17:55,858
He's leaving on a business
trip tomorrow morning.
234
00:17:55,940 --> 00:18:01,779
He doesn't know exactly when he'll be back...
235
00:18:01,859 --> 00:18:04,899
Hey, girls! What are you talking about?
236
00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:08,99
Anne was telling me that you won't
be coming to the party this evening.
237
00:18:08,140 --> 00:18:12,19
- lt isn't true, is it?
- Yes it is.
238
00:18:12,60 --> 00:18:14,779
- l'm afraid l can't.
- Business before pleasure...
239
00:18:15,460 --> 00:18:21,459
- You never will change, will you?
- Excuse me... Hello? Oh, hi...
240
00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:25,379
- l really don't have a choice.
- Listen, Jack...
241
00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:29,19
l was wondering if you really
have to go away on business
242
00:18:29,100 --> 00:18:34,939
or if you're not coming to Peter's
party for some other reasons...
243
00:18:34,20 --> 00:18:40,19
No, Sharon! l...
l do have a business engagement.
244
00:18:44,859 --> 00:18:50,99
Anyway, since you asked... l'll tell you...
245
00:18:50,180 --> 00:18:51,299
There's more...
246
00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:55,339
l'm jealous of Peter!
247
00:18:55,380 --> 00:19:00,819
Oh, come on, Jack...
You only care about business...
248
00:19:00,859 --> 00:19:02,219
Sure, that's what they all say...
249
00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:11,459
But, you know... l...
250
00:19:17,619 --> 00:19:26,19
l'm interested in you... And... Sharon...
251
00:19:26,100 --> 00:19:35,579
Are you... Are you really interested in me?
252
00:19:35,619 --> 00:19:37,59
Anne, who were you talking
to on the telephone?
253
00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:42,579
Mary... She wanted to know what
time the party is going to start.
254
00:19:42,619 --> 00:19:46,219
l think it will start at
about nine o'clock, won't it?
255
00:19:46,300 --> 00:19:52,219
Well, girls... l have to go
finish my presentation.
256
00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:58,139
- See you later. Bye!
- Back to work...
257
00:19:58,180 --> 00:20:02,219
You'll never quit, will you?
258
00:20:04,100 --> 00:20:08,539
What a shame that Jack isn't coming...
259
00:20:08,580 --> 00:20:10,19
He's a very interesting person...
260
00:20:10,100 --> 00:20:15,539
l wonder if you are falling in love with him!
261
00:20:15,580 --> 00:20:19,419
Come on, you can tell me!
262
00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:25,339
Okay... But don't tell anyone!...
263
00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:28,499
Yes...
264
00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:32,899
He's quite handsome...
265
00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:34,459
Do you think he likes me, Sharon?
266
00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:39,699
What a question! lt's none of my business!
267
00:20:39,740 --> 00:20:42,858
Don't be so difficult, Sharon!
268
00:20:42,940 --> 00:20:47,59
l was just asking
confidentially your opinion...
269
00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:50,379
You are my friend, Sharon...
270
00:20:50,460 --> 00:20:54,499
l'm sorry, Anne...
271
00:20:55,540 --> 00:21:00,618
l didn't mean to hurt your feelings,
l'm just a bit nervous these days...
272
00:21:00,660 --> 00:21:04,779
- Why?
- Because of Peter...
273
00:21:04,820 --> 00:21:06,19
We're having some problems...
274
00:21:06,60 --> 00:21:09,259
l'm sorry Anne, but l don't
wanna talk about that...
275
00:21:09,300 --> 00:21:12,179
l've got to go...
276
00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,339
See you later. Bye bye!
277
00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:25,979
Oh, Jack! You're always so messy...
278
00:21:25,20 --> 00:21:30,779
You leave your things everywhere...
279
00:21:30,820 --> 00:21:34,259
But...
280
00:21:34,300 --> 00:21:42,858
What's this, in the pocket?
281
00:21:42,900 --> 00:21:44,99
What?
282
00:21:44,140 --> 00:21:48,19
lt's Jack and Sharon!?!
283
00:21:48,60 --> 00:21:51,939
And he's kissing her?
284
00:21:51,980 --> 00:21:55,139
Oh my God!
285
00:21:55,180 --> 00:22:00,618
Now, l understand everything...
286
00:22:04,780 --> 00:22:09,779
Hello again and welcome back to
your live English language lessons!
287
00:22:09,859 --> 00:22:13,19
And in this lesson we are going to
learn something about questions,
288
00:22:13,60 --> 00:22:15,259
remember how we said that English questions
289
00:22:15,300 --> 00:22:19,179
are difficult because of
all those auxiliaries?
290
00:22:19,220 --> 00:22:22,499
Well, in this lesson we are going
to learn something which is
291
00:22:23,580 --> 00:22:26,339
especially typical of the English language,
292
00:22:26,420 --> 00:22:31,579
they are called 'question tags'.
293
00:22:31,619 --> 00:22:35,379
Now, let me give you an
example of a question tag:
294
00:22:35,420 --> 00:22:40,539
'She's unhappy, isn't she?'
295
00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:49,379
Let's look at that, so:
'she's unhappy, isn't she?'
296
00:22:49,420 --> 00:22:53,779
Strange? 'She's unhappy, isn't she?'
297
00:22:53,859 --> 00:22:57,139
Now, it's not really a question
asking you for information,
298
00:22:57,220 --> 00:23:01,819
it's more a question asking for confirmation
299
00:23:01,859 --> 00:23:04,659
where do you agree,
and usually the people agree,
300
00:23:04,700 --> 00:23:08,539
So 'she's unhappy, isn't she?' Yes she is.
301
00:23:08,580 --> 00:23:14,659
Look at the construction,
'she is unhappy' is in the positive form,
302
00:23:14,700 --> 00:23:18,459
and then we have the tag,
it's called 'the question tag', after,
303
00:23:18,500 --> 00:23:23,339
in the verb 'to be' but in
the negative question form,
304
00:23:23,380 --> 00:23:26,339
'she's unhappy, isn't she?'
305
00:23:26,380 --> 00:23:31,979
This is very common in English and
not common in other languages,
306
00:23:31,60 --> 00:23:34,19
because other languages usually use 'no?',
307
00:23:34,60 --> 00:23:38,819
for example: 'She's unhappy, no?'.
308
00:23:38,900 --> 00:23:41,659
We repeat the verb.
309
00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:44,979
And because it's complicated
now let's go to the screen
310
00:23:44,20 --> 00:23:48,899
and see some more examples of that.
311
00:23:48,940 --> 00:23:57,99
So, 'she's upset' is like 'she's
unhappy', 'she's upset, isn't she?'.
312
00:23:57,140 --> 00:24:02,339
'You're a student...' the verb
to be, 'you're a student',
313
00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:08,379
you take the verb to be 'are' and you
turn it into a negative question.
314
00:24:08,460 --> 00:24:14,699
So we say: 'You're a student,
aren't you?' Alright?
315
00:24:14,740 --> 00:24:20,739
Next one 'He's Brazilian, isn't he?'
316
00:24:20,820 --> 00:24:22,858
Do you see the mechanism now?
317
00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:26,618
'lt's raining, isn't it?'
318
00:24:26,660 --> 00:24:28,618
Again, l'm not asking for information,
319
00:24:28,660 --> 00:24:31,618
l'm asking for confirmation.
320
00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:36,59
'They're watching television...
they are watching, aren't they?',
321
00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:39,659
'They're watching television, aren't they?'
322
00:24:39,700 --> 00:24:43,819
And you notice that my voice
actually goes down at the end,
323
00:24:43,859 --> 00:24:48,99
so it's not like a real question,
where your voice goes up,
324
00:24:48,140 --> 00:24:52,579
'We're learning, aren't we?'
325
00:24:52,619 --> 00:24:56,739
'You live in ltaly' now,
look at this example here:
326
00:24:56,780 --> 00:25:02,19
'You live' is the present tense,
so we need the auxiliary,
327
00:25:02,100 --> 00:25:07,419
of the present tense of 'live',
which is not the verb 'to be',
328
00:25:07,460 --> 00:25:13,379
so look how that works:
'You live in ltaly, don't you?'
329
00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:16,179
Negative 'don't', auxiliary is 'do'
330
00:25:16,220 --> 00:25:20,979
and the negative 'don't you', interesting!
331
00:25:20,60 --> 00:25:23,179
'You live in ltaly, don't you?'
332
00:25:23,220 --> 00:25:27,59
lf we change that into the
third person it becomes:
333
00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:33,499
'She likes English', what's the auxiliary?
334
00:25:34,540 --> 00:25:37,979
Exactly, 'does', in the negative?
335
00:25:37,60 --> 00:25:43,59
'Doesn't she'. So, 'she likes
English, doesn't she?'
336
00:25:43,140 --> 00:25:48,419
And the last example:
'They work at home, don't they?'
337
00:25:48,460 --> 00:25:52,979
'They work at home, don't they?'
338
00:25:52,60 --> 00:25:53,379
Alright? So it's not easy,
339
00:25:53,420 --> 00:25:59,579
you have to keep in mind the
auxiliaries all the time.
340
00:25:59,619 --> 00:26:03,739
What happens if we begin
with a negative sentence?
341
00:26:03,780 --> 00:26:10,179
For example: 'You aren't American',
well, then we use a positive tag.
342
00:26:10,220 --> 00:26:15,339
So 'you aren't American,
are you?' Ok? Aren't, are.
343
00:26:15,380 --> 00:26:19,139
'She isn't a teacher, is she?'
344
00:26:19,220 --> 00:26:26,539
Negative, positive,
'he isn't watching TV, is he?'
345
00:26:26,619 --> 00:26:30,979
'They aren't playing today, are they?'
346
00:26:30,20 --> 00:26:32,979
Let's change to the present tense:
347
00:26:32,20 --> 00:26:37,19
'You don't play tennis, do you?'
348
00:26:37,60 --> 00:26:40,179
We use the auxiliary do, 'do you?'
349
00:26:40,260 --> 00:26:45,19
Question form, 'it doesn't work, does it?'
350
00:26:45,100 --> 00:26:52,659
Third person, 'she doesn't
like him, does she?'
351
00:26:52,700 --> 00:26:56,899
'They don't come often, do they?'
352
00:26:56,940 --> 00:26:57,459
Now you're probably thinking: 'God!
353
00:26:58,500 --> 00:27:04,259
That's difficult!' and it's not
easy, it takes a lot of practice,
354
00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:06,339
but when you know your auxiliaries well,
355
00:27:06,420 --> 00:27:09,299
it becomes easier and easier, ok?
356
00:27:09,380 --> 00:27:13,419
So, don't worry, slowly but surely as we say,
357
00:27:13,460 --> 00:27:16,499
now let's turn to 'That's life!'
358
00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:20,419
and our friends are having a party,
let's go and join them, bye!
359
00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:31,899
lt's a shame Jack isn't here, isn't it?
360
00:27:31,940 --> 00:27:36,539
Yes, it's just not the
same without him, is it?
361
00:27:36,580 --> 00:27:39,339
Well, business is business, you know...
362
00:27:39,380 --> 00:27:44,499
Well, Anne, l wonder what wonderful
food you cooked for us this evening...
363
00:27:45,540 --> 00:27:50,858
Anne, hello! Are you there?
364
00:27:50,900 --> 00:27:56,979
Oh! Sorry, Peter. l was miles away...
365
00:27:56,60 --> 00:27:59,339
- What did you say?
- What did you cook for us?
366
00:27:59,380 --> 00:28:06,299
- Oh... Your favourite! Fish and chips!
- Oh... What would l do without you?
367
00:28:06,340 --> 00:28:11,858
Hey, what about me? l brought the beer!
368
00:28:11,940 --> 00:28:15,819
Yes, we are glad you did. Cheers!
369
00:28:15,859 --> 00:28:21,539
Cheers! To Peter's success!
370
00:28:21,619 --> 00:28:26,219
Well, guys... This is the right time
for an important announcement...
371
00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:29,379
Last night, there was a famous
director at the theatre...
372
00:28:29,460 --> 00:28:32,819
We met after the show and he told me
373
00:28:32,859 --> 00:28:36,139
he is preparing a musical to
be performed all over Japan...
374
00:28:36,220 --> 00:28:40,979
So, he wants to see me for
an audition next week!
375
00:28:40,60 --> 00:28:48,459
Cheers! You'll be famous soon, Peter!
376
00:28:49,540 --> 00:28:53,299
- Surprise!
- Jack!
377
00:28:53,380 --> 00:28:57,579
Well, well, not so dedicated
to your work, are you?!
378
00:28:57,660 --> 00:29:02,59
- Peter, get me a beer!
- Now you're talking...
379
00:29:12,740 --> 00:29:20,539
- Hi Anne! ls everything okay?
- Yes...
380
00:29:20,580 --> 00:29:24,99
No, Jack!
381
00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:31,59
Everything is fine!
lt was just really a surprise to me!
382
00:29:40,860 --> 00:29:44,899
Hello and welcome back again
for some more English.
383
00:29:44,940 --> 00:29:48,19
Now, at that party everybody
seemed happy except Anne.
384
00:29:48,60 --> 00:29:53,179
And nobody really noticed what was
happening between Sharon and Jack,
385
00:29:53,220 --> 00:29:57,139
well, anyway let's get
back to English questions.
386
00:29:57,180 --> 00:30:01,259
Last time we studied question tags,
387
00:30:01,300 --> 00:30:05,259
but this time l want to look at
another question form in English
388
00:30:05,300 --> 00:30:07,339
which is very important.
389
00:30:07,380 --> 00:30:11,139
Now when you don't know the subject you need
390
00:30:11,220 --> 00:30:16,59
to ask a question in
order to get the subject.
391
00:30:16,100 --> 00:30:18,619
Now let me explain that.
392
00:30:18,660 --> 00:30:21,499
Usually in a normal question in English like:
393
00:30:22,540 --> 00:30:27,739
'Where do you work?' the
subject form is in the question
394
00:30:27,780 --> 00:30:30,819
'Where do you work?' and the answer would be:
395
00:30:30,860 --> 00:30:33,819
'l work in London'.
396
00:30:33,860 --> 00:30:37,19
But if l want to ask you about the subject,
397
00:30:37,60 --> 00:30:41,179
l have to change the question and it becomes
398
00:30:41,220 --> 00:30:45,379
'Who works in London?'
399
00:30:45,420 --> 00:30:50,939
Now that question is asking for the
subject and the answer could be:
400
00:30:50,20 --> 00:30:55,19
'My brother', the subject, 'works in London'.
401
00:30:55,100 --> 00:31:01,99
Now, the good thing is...
we eliminate the auxiliaries,
402
00:31:01,180 --> 00:31:05,859
do and does.Yahoo!
403
00:31:05,900 --> 00:31:07,859
l can hear you say it.
404
00:31:07,900 --> 00:31:12,899
Let's do some examples before
we go to the screen ok?
405
00:31:12,980 --> 00:31:15,539
Now l'll ask you some questions, for example:
406
00:31:15,580 --> 00:31:17,339
'Who likes English?'
407
00:31:17,380 --> 00:31:21,739
Notice that there's the S on the verb,
408
00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:24,139
because 'who' is considered a third person.
409
00:31:24,220 --> 00:31:31,939
'Who likes English?' l do,
you do, for example, alright?
410
00:31:31,980 --> 00:31:36,899
'Who lives in igloos?'
Now give me the subject,
411
00:31:36,940 --> 00:31:41,19
'Who lives in igloos?'
412
00:31:41,60 --> 00:31:45,139
Exactly, Eskimos live in igloos, alright?
413
00:31:45,180 --> 00:31:48,819
You give me the subject.
414
00:31:48,860 --> 00:31:53,699
Now, answer this one: 'Who cultivates rice?'
415
00:31:53,780 --> 00:31:58,539
'Who cultivates rice?' Yeah?
416
00:31:58,620 --> 00:32:04,299
The Chinese, the ltalians,
Southeast Asian countries, ok, good.
417
00:32:04,340 --> 00:32:12,659
Next one: 'Who sings
musicals, in 'That's life!'?'
418
00:32:12,740 --> 00:32:16,19
Exactly, Jack sings musicals, great.
419
00:32:16,60 --> 00:32:21,179
'Who wants to be an artist?'
l'm asking you for the subject,
420
00:32:21,220 --> 00:32:25,739
'Who wants to be an artist?'
421
00:32:25,780 --> 00:32:29,299
Yeah! Alice does,
Alice wants to be an artist.
422
00:32:29,340 --> 00:32:34,939
And 'Who likes Jack?'
423
00:32:34,20 --> 00:32:38,699
Well, Sharon does... Anne does...
424
00:32:38,780 --> 00:32:42,699
and so does Alice, he's a lucky man!
425
00:32:42,740 --> 00:32:46,99
Alright? Now let's go to the
screen and see those written,
426
00:32:46,180 --> 00:32:52,779
because is unusual for you now to
learn a question with no auxiliary.
427
00:32:52,860 --> 00:32:55,219
So, what happens is:
428
00:32:55,260 --> 00:33:00,859
you have the word 'who'
which is the question word,
429
00:33:00,940 --> 00:33:03,459
and you eliminate the auxiliary.
430
00:33:04,500 --> 00:33:07,539
lf you look at the first example,
which is the typical question,
431
00:33:07,620 --> 00:33:13,699
'Who do you live with?'
you're asking for the object,
432
00:33:13,780 --> 00:33:15,499
and the answer could be:
'Your family' for example.
433
00:33:16,540 --> 00:33:21,379
'Who do you live with?',
the subject is 'you', you ask for the object.
434
00:33:21,460 --> 00:33:28,539
But 'who leaves with you?' you
are asking for the subject,
435
00:33:28,620 --> 00:33:32,819
and the answer could be: 'My family'.
436
00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:35,379
Let's look at more examples, no auxiliary,
437
00:33:35,460 --> 00:33:40,819
so 'Who works in an office?',
438
00:33:40,900 --> 00:33:44,339
'He does', 'Who likes English?',
439
00:33:44,380 --> 00:33:49,579
'We do', 'who lives in igloos?',
440
00:33:49,660 --> 00:33:54,939
'Eskimos live in igloos',
'Who cultivates rice?',
441
00:33:54,980 --> 00:33:57,619
'The ltalians, the Chinese',
442
00:33:57,660 --> 00:34:03,739
'Who understands Russian?',
'l don't... do you?',
443
00:34:03,780 --> 00:34:06,739
'Who sings musicals?',
444
00:34:06,820 --> 00:34:10,99
'Peter does', 'Who wants to be an artist?',
445
00:34:10,180 --> 00:34:17,499
'Alice', and 'Who likes Jack?', 'We all do'.
446
00:34:18,580 --> 00:34:21,419
So, very interesting this,
and we will look at it again,
447
00:34:21,460 --> 00:34:24,499
in the future, but remember
this is one occasion,
448
00:34:25,540 --> 00:34:30,139
the only occasion, where you don't
need auxiliaries in the question form,
449
00:34:30,219 --> 00:34:32,259
when you're asking for the subject.
450
00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:36,819
So, who understands this?
451
00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:41,19
We do, so l'll see you
again soon, take care, bye!
452
00:34:45,180 --> 00:34:50,699
Good afternoon, welcome to this
week's edition of 'Sports Special'.
453
00:34:50,780 --> 00:34:54,539
And welcome to John
Forbes, our sports expert.
454
00:34:54,620 --> 00:34:58,699
Hello Eric and good afternoon
to all our sports fans!
455
00:34:58,739 --> 00:35:02,19
Well John, which sport are you
going to talk about today?
456
00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:05,218
Today l'd like to talk about rugby.
457
00:35:05,260 --> 00:35:12,179
Fantastic! l'm a real rugby fan!
l think it's a really exciting sport!
458
00:35:12,260 --> 00:35:17,699
John, a question, where did rugby start?
459
00:35:17,780 --> 00:35:21,659
Well, you know Rugby is a town
in England, near Birmingham.
460
00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:22,819
Yes...
461
00:35:22,900 --> 00:35:25,859
There's a famous school
there called 'Rugby School',
462
00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:30,379
it's one of the oldest schools
in England. lt opened in 1567.
463
00:35:30,420 --> 00:35:34,619
Anyway, boys at this school started the game.
464
00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:38,699
Really... And where is rugby played today?
465
00:35:38,739 --> 00:35:41,499
lt's played all round the world but
there are eight main countries,
466
00:35:42,580 --> 00:35:48,179
these are lreland, Wales, England,
Scotland, France, Australia,
467
00:35:48,219 --> 00:35:51,738
New Zealand and South Africa.
468
00:35:51,780 --> 00:35:55,459
And it's becoming more popular
today in ltaly and Argentina.
469
00:35:56,500 --> 00:35:58,699
Who plays rugby?
470
00:35:58,739 --> 00:36:01,179
Mainly men, but there are
more and more women's teams.
471
00:36:01,219 --> 00:36:03,659
Really women?
472
00:36:03,700 --> 00:36:04,339
That's a surprise!
473
00:36:04,420 --> 00:36:05,379
That's right!
474
00:36:05,420 --> 00:36:09,19
There are more than 4oo women's
teams in England today!
475
00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:15,539
l see. John, can you explain to
our viewers how to play rugby?
476
00:36:15,620 --> 00:36:19,819
Of course! Remember, rugby's very
different from soccer,
477
00:36:19,860 --> 00:36:21,459
the ball's oval, like an egg.
478
00:36:22,500 --> 00:36:26,19
There are 15 players in a team and
the players can carry the ball.
479
00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:31,699
ln fact the aim is to run fast
with the ball in your hands...
480
00:36:31,780 --> 00:36:34,299
And what about a 'tackle'? What's that?
481
00:36:34,380 --> 00:36:37,899
To stop a player of the
opponent's team running
482
00:36:37,940 --> 00:36:39,299
with the ball you 'tackle' him...
483
00:36:39,340 --> 00:36:42,379
You catch his legs and
pull him to the ground.
484
00:36:42,460 --> 00:36:45,659
That sounds dangerous!
485
00:36:45,739 --> 00:36:48,259
Yes, it can be. There are
lots of injuries in rugby.
486
00:36:48,340 --> 00:36:50,299
lt's a very physical game...
487
00:36:50,340 --> 00:36:53,699
How do you score?
488
00:36:53,739 --> 00:36:55,259
Well, you run with the ball and put it down
489
00:36:55,300 --> 00:36:59,579
on the ground at the
opponents' end of the pitch.
490
00:36:59,660 --> 00:37:01,619
Of course your opponents do everything
491
00:37:01,700 --> 00:37:05,899
they can to stop you from
reaching their end of the pitch!
492
00:37:05,940 --> 00:37:08,779
You score a try if you cross the try line
493
00:37:08,820 --> 00:37:10,259
and put the ball down on the ground,
494
00:37:10,340 --> 00:37:16,619
you can also score points by kicking
the ball between the two goalposts.
495
00:37:16,660 --> 00:37:20,499
The goalposts are very high,
if you do this you score a goal.
496
00:37:21,540 --> 00:37:24,499
So, there are tries and there are goals?
497
00:37:25,540 --> 00:37:26,659
That's right...
498
00:37:26,739 --> 00:37:30,819
Just one more question, what are 'scrums'?
499
00:37:30,860 --> 00:37:34,619
Scrums are special to rugby,
players from the two sides
500
00:37:34,660 --> 00:37:37,939
push against each other
to try to get the ball.
501
00:37:37,980 --> 00:37:39,419
Scrums sound dangerous too!
502
00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:43,619
Yes, they can be dangerous... but it's fun,
503
00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:45,659
you know l used to play rugby...
504
00:37:45,739 --> 00:37:46,459
Really?
505
00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:50,939
Yes but l injured my
shoulder and had to stop.
506
00:37:50,20 --> 00:37:51,499
l just watch now!
507
00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:56,619
Well, l sometimes watch a
game on Saturday afternoons,
508
00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:57,218
how about coming along?
509
00:37:57,260 --> 00:37:59,619
Sure.
510
00:37:59,660 --> 00:38:01,779
How about next weekend?
511
00:38:01,820 --> 00:38:04,499
Great! Ok, thank you John!
512
00:38:05,580 --> 00:38:10,939
Goodbye... and goodbye
to all our sports fans.
513
00:38:10,980 --> 00:38:14,939
See you next week for another
edition of 'Sports Special'!
514
00:38:17,660 --> 00:38:20,939
So like in football the group of players
515
00:38:20,20 --> 00:38:24,539
that play rugby together is called 'a team'.
516
00:38:24,580 --> 00:38:31,899
ln rugby it's called a 'rugby team'
and there are 15 players in a team.
517
00:38:31,940 --> 00:38:35,59
The players are called 'rugby players'.
518
00:38:35,100 --> 00:38:37,819
Where do they play?
519
00:38:37,860 --> 00:38:39,979
On a rugby pitch.
520
00:38:39,20 --> 00:38:42,539
We also say a football pitch,
521
00:38:42,580 --> 00:38:47,699
which is where football players
play football and a cricket pitch,
522
00:38:47,739 --> 00:38:50,179
where cricket players play cricket.
523
00:38:50,219 --> 00:38:56,619
When we go to watch a rugby
match we go to a rugby ground.
524
00:38:56,660 --> 00:39:00,619
Well as John said, rugby can be dangerous.
525
00:39:00,660 --> 00:39:04,179
ln fact there are lots of injuries in rugby.
526
00:39:04,260 --> 00:39:09,779
An injury is when you hurt or
damage a part of the body.
527
00:39:09,820 --> 00:39:13,419
lf a player has a serious
injury then he cannot play.
528
00:39:13,460 --> 00:39:16,218
To injure is a regular verb.
529
00:39:16,260 --> 00:39:23,339
For example if you break your
arm you say 'l injured my arm'.
530
00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:26,99
Why is rugby so dangerous?
531
00:39:26,140 --> 00:39:29,499
Well it's a very physical sport.
532
00:39:30,540 --> 00:39:32,339
This means you use your body a lot
533
00:39:32,380 --> 00:39:38,619
and there is a lot of contact
with the other players.
534
00:39:38,660 --> 00:39:40,419
When a player 'tackles', he stops a player
535
00:39:40,460 --> 00:39:44,899
from the other team by
pulling him to the ground.
536
00:39:44,940 --> 00:39:46,299
This is called a tackle.
537
00:39:46,340 --> 00:39:49,779
To tackle is the verb.
538
00:39:49,860 --> 00:39:53,619
The aim of a tackle is to get the ball.
539
00:39:53,660 --> 00:39:55,99
You can tackle in football too,
540
00:39:55,180 --> 00:39:59,99
but you can only use your
feet to get the ball,
541
00:39:59,140 --> 00:40:03,419
in rugby you use your whole body!
542
00:40:04,500 --> 00:40:06,539
What about 'a scrum'?
543
00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:09,619
This is a term specific to rugby.
544
00:40:09,700 --> 00:40:14,699
A scrum is when all the players push
against each other to get the ball.
545
00:40:14,780 --> 00:40:20,539
As John explained, in rugby there
are two different ways of scoring.
546
00:40:20,620 --> 00:40:23,139
To score means to win a point for your team.
547
00:40:23,219 --> 00:40:26,499
You score a try when the
ball touches the ground.
548
00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:32,939
You score a goal when you kick the
ball between the two goalposts.
549
00:40:32,980 --> 00:40:36,339
Well sports fans, that's all we have
time for today see you next time!
550
00:40:39,140 --> 00:40:42,579
Good afternoon and welcome
to this week's edition
551
00:40:42,620 --> 00:40:43,99
of 'The Travel Programme'.
552
00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:47,579
And of course welcome to Christine
Oteng, our travel expert!
553
00:40:47,660 --> 00:40:48,939
Hello Lucy!
554
00:40:48,980 --> 00:40:49,939
Well Christine,
555
00:40:49,980 --> 00:40:52,859
do you know that one of
the main causes of stress
556
00:40:52,900 --> 00:40:54,19
in the west is air travel?
557
00:40:54,100 --> 00:40:58,379
According to research from the
University of lllinois in the USA.
558
00:40:58,420 --> 00:41:01,859
You know that doesn't surprise me!
559
00:41:01,900 --> 00:41:04,99
Air travel can be a very
stressful experience.
560
00:41:04,140 --> 00:41:07,19
lt seems that a lot of
people start to feel nervous
561
00:41:07,100 --> 00:41:10,939
in the travel agency when
they're buying the ticket
562
00:41:10,980 --> 00:41:13,939
or when they're buying the
ticket online at home.
563
00:41:13,980 --> 00:41:14,779
Really?
564
00:41:14,820 --> 00:41:16,179
Well why don't we give
our viewers some advice
565
00:41:16,260 --> 00:41:21,539
on how to reduce that stress
and enjoy air travel more?
566
00:41:21,620 --> 00:41:25,579
Sure! Just follow a few simple rules
567
00:41:25,620 --> 00:41:28,899
and you'll fly without any stress at all.
568
00:41:28,980 --> 00:41:32,179
The first rule: don't arrive
at the airport late!
569
00:41:32,219 --> 00:41:35,339
l always arrive late.
570
00:41:35,380 --> 00:41:37,419
That's not a good idea!
571
00:41:38,500 --> 00:41:41,619
For a start if you arrive
at the airport early
572
00:41:41,700 --> 00:41:43,979
you have plenty of time to check-in,
573
00:41:43,60 --> 00:41:46,699
you can go straight through passport control
574
00:41:46,739 --> 00:41:47,218
and the security check,
575
00:41:47,260 --> 00:41:50,979
then you have plenty of time to relax!
576
00:41:50,20 --> 00:41:55,539
You can do some shopping, have a drink,
read a magazine or a book.
577
00:41:55,580 --> 00:41:58,459
All stress free without worrying
about missing the flight.
578
00:41:58,500 --> 00:42:01,699
You're right, Christine!
579
00:42:01,739 --> 00:42:03,699
lt's important to arrive at the airport
580
00:42:03,780 --> 00:42:06,539
with plenty of time to spare!
581
00:42:06,580 --> 00:42:10,19
And what else can l do to make
air travel less stressful?
582
00:42:10,100 --> 00:42:14,699
Well, another cause of stress
is the amount of luggage
583
00:42:14,739 --> 00:42:18,819
that we take with us,
we always take too much!
584
00:42:18,860 --> 00:42:24,19
Listen, don't take more than 2o
kg and only take one suitcase!
585
00:42:24,60 --> 00:42:27,579
Check the weight before you leave home,
586
00:42:27,620 --> 00:42:29,979
and relax at the check-in,
587
00:42:29,20 --> 00:42:33,459
there's no need now to worry
about excess baggage charges.
588
00:42:34,500 --> 00:42:36,139
lt's always relaxing to save money.
589
00:42:36,180 --> 00:42:40,139
Definitely! And one last thing
on the topic of luggage...
590
00:42:40,180 --> 00:42:42,579
Yes...
591
00:42:42,620 --> 00:42:43,59
Hand luggage:
592
00:42:43,100 --> 00:42:47,979
take one small bag and
don't put too much in it!
593
00:42:47,20 --> 00:42:50,459
Remember you'll have to carry
this around the airport!
594
00:42:50,500 --> 00:42:52,139
Good advice.
595
00:42:52,219 --> 00:42:55,979
You know many people have a fear of flying,
596
00:42:55,20 --> 00:42:59,899
these people become nervous when
the plane takes off and lands.
597
00:42:59,940 --> 00:43:03,459
Of course, l understand that people
may feel nervous at these moments.
598
00:43:04,500 --> 00:43:07,259
They should remember that flying
is the safest way to travel.
599
00:43:07,340 --> 00:43:10,299
So, relax and enjoy the flight!
600
00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:14,779
And you shouldn't look
out the windows too much.
601
00:43:14,860 --> 00:43:17,819
Why not? Clouds are relaxing!
602
00:43:17,860 --> 00:43:21,859
But if you do feel nervous you
could try taking a tranquiliser.
603
00:43:21,900 --> 00:43:24,339
lf you have a real fear of
flying they can help you relax!
604
00:43:24,380 --> 00:43:26,939
Don't take too many though!
605
00:43:26,980 --> 00:43:27,259
Of course not!
606
00:43:27,300 --> 00:43:31,459
And try closing your eyes as
the plane takes-off and lands,
607
00:43:32,500 --> 00:43:34,99
think of the beautiful place you're going to
608
00:43:34,140 --> 00:43:37,899
or the wonderful holiday you've just had...
609
00:43:37,940 --> 00:43:41,699
Well! How to enjoy stress free air travel:
610
00:43:41,780 --> 00:43:43,499
don't arrive at the airport late!
611
00:43:44,540 --> 00:43:46,59
Don't take too much luggage!
612
00:43:46,100 --> 00:43:49,139
After passport control
and the security check,
613
00:43:49,180 --> 00:43:53,539
relax with a drink and
something interesting to read!
614
00:43:53,620 --> 00:43:55,499
Or perhaps do some shopping!
615
00:43:56,580 --> 00:43:59,619
And, once you're on the
plane remember that flying
616
00:43:59,660 --> 00:44:01,859
is the safest way to travel.
617
00:44:01,940 --> 00:44:05,59
So, thanks Christine for this
very useful advice and goodye!
618
00:44:05,100 --> 00:44:09,259
Goodbye Lucy and safe travelling!
619
00:44:09,300 --> 00:44:12,339
See you soon with another edition
of 'The Travel Programme'!
620
00:44:12,420 --> 00:44:13,379
Goodbye!
621
00:44:15,140 --> 00:44:20,499
Well l certainly didn't know that air
travel could cause so much stress!
622
00:44:21,540 --> 00:44:25,979
Air travel is the general expression
for everything to do with flying.
623
00:44:25,20 --> 00:44:29,539
So the stress can even start
when people buy their tickets
624
00:44:29,580 --> 00:44:32,539
at the travel agency or online.
625
00:44:32,580 --> 00:44:33,979
The travel agency
626
00:44:33,20 --> 00:44:37,699
is the place where you book a
holiday or buy an air-ticket.
627
00:44:37,780 --> 00:44:40,899
'Online' means you buy the
ticket on the lnternet
628
00:44:40,940 --> 00:44:42,499
and you pay by credit card.
629
00:44:43,540 --> 00:44:45,139
To avoid stress you should
arrive at the airport
630
00:44:45,180 --> 00:44:48,619
with plenty of time to spare.
631
00:44:48,700 --> 00:44:53,379
To have plenty of time to spare means
you have lots of time to relax.
632
00:44:53,420 --> 00:44:57,539
Notice how we say 'arrive at the airport'.
633
00:44:57,580 --> 00:44:59,939
And relax is a verb.
634
00:44:59,980 --> 00:45:02,19
So you should arrive at the airport early,
635
00:45:02,60 --> 00:45:05,738
so you can relax before the flight.
636
00:45:05,780 --> 00:45:09,979
lf you arrive at the airport
late you could miss the flight.
637
00:45:09,60 --> 00:45:12,419
'To miss the flight' means
you can't get on the plane
638
00:45:12,460 --> 00:45:15,899
and it leaves without you.
639
00:45:15,980 --> 00:45:17,699
Before you can get on the plane
640
00:45:17,739 --> 00:45:19,339
you have to go through passport control,
641
00:45:19,380 --> 00:45:23,299
this is where you show your
passport to an official.
642
00:45:23,340 --> 00:45:26,699
You have to go through the security check,
643
00:45:26,780 --> 00:45:30,218
this is where you put your hand
luggage into the x-ray machine.
644
00:45:30,260 --> 00:45:34,299
Hand luggage is the bag you
take on the plane with you.
645
00:45:34,340 --> 00:45:39,779
Luggage is the general word
for suitcases and bags.
646
00:45:39,860 --> 00:45:44,139
A suitcase is a kind of bag where
you put your clothes and shoes.
647
00:45:44,180 --> 00:45:47,459
Now some people have 'a fear of flying'.
648
00:45:48,500 --> 00:45:51,779
This means they are afraid of
flying and they get nervous
649
00:45:51,860 --> 00:45:53,379
when the plane takes off and lands.
650
00:45:53,420 --> 00:45:57,539
When the plane takes off,
it leaves the ground.
651
00:45:57,580 --> 00:46:00,19
And when a plane lands,
it touches the ground again.
652
00:46:00,100 --> 00:46:04,979
So remember flying is the
safest way to travel!
653
00:46:04,20 --> 00:46:05,419
See you soon, bye bye!
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