Английский профессиональное обучение английскому языку English Today DVD 08

1 00:00:01,940 --> 00:00:04,899 Hello and welcome back to 'English today', 2 00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:09,499 this is DVD eight and the fourth DVD of your elementary level. 3 00:00:10,539 --> 00:00:14,299 And in this DVD you will see another two episodes of 'That's life!', 4 00:00:14,380 --> 00:00:19,659 our story, followed by our special TV programmes. 5 00:00:19,739 --> 00:00:24,259 This time a sports expert will be talking all about rugby, 6 00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:30,299 followed by air travel without stress, featuring our travel expert. 7 00:00:30,380 --> 00:00:33,339 Then, in the grammar section, we will study 8 00:00:33,380 --> 00:00:37,978 the future forms 'will' and 'going to' 9 00:00:37,60 --> 00:00:42,658 and also look at special 'question forms' and 'question tags'. 10 00:00:42,740 --> 00:00:45,619 Ok? So happy studying to you all! 11 00:00:55,700 --> 00:01:03,419 - How does this scarf suit me, Anne? - Oh... Very well. You look fine! 12 00:01:03,460 --> 00:01:12,259 Really? l'm not sure... Look... Maybe this one looks better... 13 00:01:12,340 --> 00:01:20,139 Don't panic, Peter! Everything is going to be all right tonight! 14 00:01:20,180 --> 00:01:26,419 l don't know... Actually l've a sore throat... And l'm losing my voice... 15 00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:29,299 l'll sing badly tonight, l'm sure! 16 00:01:29,340 --> 00:01:35,19 Come on, Peter! You will sing very well! 17 00:01:35,100 --> 00:01:41,539 You are a professional singer! Don't forget it! 18 00:01:41,580 --> 00:01:46,659 Well, l'm going to have some tea. Would you like some? 19 00:01:46,700 --> 00:01:51,819 Thank you, Anne! l would really like a cup of tea. lf it's not too much trouble... 20 00:01:51,860 --> 00:01:56,699 No, not at all, l'll just add some water to the pot. 21 00:01:56,780 --> 00:02:00,459 A cup of tea and my chocolate cake 22 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:03,299 will keep your mind off the musical... 23 00:02:03,340 --> 00:02:07,379 - For five minutes at least! - Shall l give you a hand? 24 00:02:07,420 --> 00:02:11,299 Uh... Yes, thanks... 25 00:02:11,340 --> 00:02:18,939 Here is the cake. 26 00:02:18,980 --> 00:02:26,539 - Oops... - Oh Peter! Okay, listen... 27 00:02:26,620 --> 00:02:35,859 l know you are nervous, but try to be careful, please! 28 00:02:35,900 --> 00:02:41,979 l'm sorry, Anne... Listen, how do you think the musical will go? 29 00:02:41,60 --> 00:02:48,819 l think it will go very well! 'Grease' is considered a classic musical. 30 00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:55,779 lt's successful, entertaining... There will be loads of people clapping. 31 00:02:55,820 --> 00:02:59,579 - Do you really think so? - Sure l do! 32 00:02:59,660 --> 00:03:03,179 Hey, Peter, what time does the show start? 33 00:03:03,220 --> 00:03:09,299 At nine o'clock. How are we going to get to the theatre? 34 00:03:09,380 --> 00:03:14,379 - l'm going to drive. - l don't think that's a very good idea. 35 00:03:14,460 --> 00:03:16,659 Why not? 36 00:03:16,700 --> 00:03:20,138 Because parking there is almost impossible. 37 00:03:20,180 --> 00:03:28,99 - Okay, we'll take the Tube. - That's a much better idea. 38 00:03:28,139 --> 00:03:32,219 - When shall we leave? - Around eight thirty? 39 00:03:32,260 --> 00:03:40,819 - No, that's too late! - Okay! We'll leave earlier! 40 00:03:40,900 --> 00:03:42,459 Oh... l'm so sorry, Anne! 41 00:03:42,500 --> 00:03:48,339 Peter, you're hopeless! 42 00:03:48,420 --> 00:03:56,219 Okay, okay, listen... l think you need to relax a bit! 43 00:03:56,260 --> 00:04:05,659 - Why don't you go and take a nap? - l can't sleep... l'm too nervous! 44 00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:10,539 Okay. Why don't you rehearse your part again? 45 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:13,539 l can't... l can't remember anything! 46 00:04:13,580 --> 00:04:24,859 Okay. Okay. Go wherever you want... Just, please, leave me alone! Please... 47 00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:31,19 Hi! And welcome back to 'English 2day!' 48 00:04:31,60 --> 00:04:36,979 The only live TV programme where you can learn the English language. 49 00:04:37,540 --> 00:04:39,499 Did you see that Peter dropped chocolate cake 50 00:04:40,540 --> 00:04:42,579 and tea all over the table? 51 00:04:42,660 --> 00:04:44,99 And Anne didn't really react? 52 00:04:44,180 --> 00:04:48,539 She's becoming more tolerant, isn't she? Great! 53 00:04:48,580 --> 00:04:52,859 Now... l have an interesting thing to teach you in this lesson 54 00:04:52,940 --> 00:04:54,459 and it's about 'will'. 55 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:57,59 Now, people usually think that 'will', 56 00:04:57,100 --> 00:05:02,499 the future 'will', is very easy in English, but it isn't that easy, 57 00:05:03,540 --> 00:05:07,59 and in this lesson l want to look at a particular use of 'will'. 58 00:05:07,100 --> 00:05:10,139 Now, watch this, listen: 59 00:05:10,220 --> 00:05:15,219 imagine that l'm in Oxford Street, in London, shopping. 60 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:21,219 l stop outside a shop and l see a beautiful dress, and l think: 61 00:05:21,300 --> 00:05:26,899 l like that... l want that, and l say: 62 00:05:26,980 --> 00:05:30,939 l'll buy it! 63 00:05:30,980 --> 00:05:36,899 Now, 'l'll' it's the abbreviation of 'l will', 'l'll buy it!'. 64 00:05:36,980 --> 00:05:42,139 We use this form when we make a spontaneous decision. 65 00:05:42,220 --> 00:05:47,579 lt's nothing planned, it happens spontaneously. 66 00:05:47,620 --> 00:05:53,539 lt's called in English 'a snap, snap decision', alright? 67 00:05:53,620 --> 00:05:57,299 Let's continue, so l see the dress and l think: 68 00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:03,139 l'll buy it! Great! Then l look at the price... 69 00:06:03,220 --> 00:06:07,379 One thousand five hundred euro? 70 00:06:07,420 --> 00:06:09,739 Crikey! 71 00:06:09,779 --> 00:06:12,299 And l think: 72 00:06:12,339 --> 00:06:19,939 l won't buy it! Negative of will, 'l won't buy it'. 73 00:06:19,980 --> 00:06:21,699 But then l think: no, wait a minute, 74 00:06:21,740 --> 00:06:26,99 l haven't bought myself anything lovely for a long time! 75 00:06:26,140 --> 00:06:29,179 Maybe my boyfriend can help me... 76 00:06:29,260 --> 00:06:34,619 So l decide: l'll buy it! 77 00:06:34,660 --> 00:06:38,778 l go into the shop, l talk to the shop assistant and l say: 78 00:06:38,820 --> 00:06:41,939 'That dress, l like that dress, can l try it?' 79 00:06:42,740 --> 00:06:43,259 She says: 'Yes, yes, sure!' 80 00:06:43,300 --> 00:06:48,459 So l put it on, look at myself in the mirror and think: 81 00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:56,899 'Fantastic, l'll take it!' So l go to the shop assistant and l say: 82 00:06:56,980 --> 00:07:00,579 'l'll take it'! 83 00:07:00,660 --> 00:07:04,419 She says: 'Fine, Madam, how would you like to pay?' 84 00:07:04,460 --> 00:07:06,859 How would l like to pay? 85 00:07:06,900 --> 00:07:13,659 Cash? Must be drinking! 86 00:07:13,700 --> 00:07:15,899 Cash, one thousand five hundred euros? 87 00:07:15,980 --> 00:07:22,139 Cash? No! Credit card! 88 00:07:22,180 --> 00:07:28,619 Yes, exactly, l'll pay by credit card, ok? 89 00:07:28,660 --> 00:07:37,219 l'll pay by credit card, so, in my bag, here's my bag! Oh noo! 90 00:07:37,300 --> 00:07:40,979 l left my credit card at home! 91 00:07:40,20 --> 00:07:49,579 What shall l do? Good! 92 00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:53,459 l'll come back tomorrow. 93 00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:59,99 And she says: 'That's fine Madam, that's fine, don't worry', she says, 94 00:08:02,60 --> 00:08:09,659 'l'll put it aside for you, Madam, l'll put it aside'. 95 00:08:09,700 --> 00:08:12,659 And l say: 'Great! Thank you so much. 96 00:08:12,740 --> 00:08:17,139 Don't worry, l'll definitely come back tomorrow'. 97 00:08:17,180 --> 00:08:24,19 Now, all those were examples of 'snap decisions', spontaneous 98 00:08:24,100 --> 00:08:29,699 decisions and that happens many times in a day. 99 00:08:29,740 --> 00:08:32,859 So, let's look at the form together: 100 00:08:32,940 --> 00:08:40,619 we have 'l will' contracted to become 'l'll', look at the examples: 101 00:08:40,660 --> 00:08:47,58 l'll try it!, l'll take it!, l'll pay by credit card!, 102 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:54,219 l'll put it aside for you!, l'll make a bowl of pasta! 103 00:08:54,260 --> 00:08:57,219 And l'll come back later! 104 00:08:57,260 --> 00:09:03,419 So, snap, spontaneous decisions 'l'll', alright? 105 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:06,339 Now, the negative form... 106 00:09:06,420 --> 00:09:09,99 We've mentioned it before, you heard me? With the money. 107 00:09:09,140 --> 00:09:11,99 ls 'won't'. 108 00:09:11,140 --> 00:09:16,579 Be careful with the pronunciation, it's not 'want', it's 'won't', 109 00:09:16,620 --> 00:09:17,139 so the example is: 110 00:09:17,179 --> 00:09:24,619 l won't buy it! Or l won't pay by cash! 111 00:09:24,660 --> 00:09:28,539 Alright so? Will, won't. 112 00:09:28,580 --> 00:09:34,899 You can also ask a question in this situation of a snap decision 113 00:09:34,980 --> 00:09:37,339 and you can say 'shall l?'. 114 00:09:37,420 --> 00:09:41,19 Now that's a big change because will in the question form 115 00:09:41,100 --> 00:09:45,939 becomes 'shall'. So we say: 116 00:09:45,980 --> 00:09:50,739 'shall l make, shall l make a bowl of pasta?' 117 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:53,699 Or 'shall l help you?'. 118 00:09:53,780 --> 00:09:54,499 Alright? That's the question form. 119 00:09:55,540 --> 00:10:01,299 So, l'll do it, l won't do it, shall l do it? 120 00:10:01,340 --> 00:10:06,178 So those are snap decisions, very useful, very important, 121 00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:10,19 and not many people remember that use of 'will'. 122 00:10:10,59 --> 00:10:14,419 Great! Let's go back and see how Peter's feeling, 123 00:10:14,460 --> 00:10:19,139 and then l'll see you later, l'll... see you later! Bye! 124 00:10:25,780 --> 00:10:32,779 Hi, Anne. Hi, Peter! l'm starving! ls there anything to eat? 125 00:10:32,860 --> 00:10:35,299 How can you think about food at a time like this? 126 00:10:35,380 --> 00:10:40,819 - Why? What's the matter? - What's the matter?! 127 00:10:40,860 --> 00:10:45,939 - The performance is tonight! - Come on, Peter! Don't panic! 128 00:10:45,980 --> 00:10:49,419 Everything is going to be all right tonight... Don't worry! 129 00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:54,699 Why does everyone tell me the same stupid things?! 130 00:10:54,780 --> 00:10:57,299 Because it's the truth! 131 00:10:57,380 --> 00:11:02,819 Look, Peter, take this lucky charm! 132 00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:06,579 l bought it in Portobello market this morning. 133 00:11:06,660 --> 00:11:09,99 l'll give it to you as a lucky mascot! 134 00:11:09,179 --> 00:11:17,339 Remember, you have to kiss it three times... 135 00:11:17,420 --> 00:11:22,699 And then keep it in the right pocket of your jacket. 136 00:11:22,740 --> 00:11:25,779 Why just in the right pocket? 137 00:11:25,820 --> 00:11:28,779 Well, l don't know... 138 00:11:28,860 --> 00:11:33,859 The woman who gave it to me said that this is what you have to do. 139 00:11:33,940 --> 00:11:41,499 - Anyway, l'm sure it will bring you luck! - Hmm! l'm not so sure... 140 00:11:42,540 --> 00:11:46,539 Why not? Shall we bet on it? 141 00:11:46,580 --> 00:11:50,939 Alright! Sounds like fun! How much? 142 00:11:50,20 --> 00:11:54,939 Oh, let's make it interesting. 143 00:11:54,980 --> 00:12:00,899 lf it brings you luck, you'll take me for dinner at Bluebird. 144 00:12:00,940 --> 00:12:02,219 Bluebird? Are you crazy? 145 00:12:02,260 --> 00:12:05,779 That's London's most expensive restaurant! 146 00:12:05,820 --> 00:12:12,219 l know, l know... But the musical is important to you, Peter, isn't it? 147 00:12:12,260 --> 00:12:19,499 All right Alice! What will you do if it doesn't bring me luck? 148 00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:25,459 Well, l will cook dinner for a month! 149 00:12:26,540 --> 00:12:27,259 But you can't cook! 150 00:12:27,340 --> 00:12:31,499 Ah-ah, Peter! That's why l said it! 151 00:12:32,540 --> 00:12:37,779 This way l'm sure you will make it bring you luck! 152 00:12:42,179 --> 00:12:45,779 Hello again and welcome back! 153 00:12:45,820 --> 00:12:48,99 The most expensive restaurant in London... 154 00:12:48,179 --> 00:12:51,58 Good for Alice! 155 00:12:51,140 --> 00:12:55,579 Now, in this lesson l want to look at the future again, 156 00:12:55,660 --> 00:13:01,419 but at a new form of the future, and it's the form 'going to'. 157 00:13:01,460 --> 00:13:06,299 And in the episode we heard Anne say: 158 00:13:06,380 --> 00:13:09,499 'Everything is going to be alright'. 159 00:13:10,580 --> 00:13:12,459 So l want to look at that form with you now. 160 00:13:13,540 --> 00:13:17,299 And... To illustrate it l want to tell you about something wonderful 161 00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:19,939 that happened to me. 162 00:13:19,980 --> 00:13:26,619 l won, l've just won in fact, twenty thousand euro, 163 00:13:26,660 --> 00:13:30,819 and l have to decide what to do with this money. 164 00:13:30,860 --> 00:13:35,619 And l have a few intentions, so, let me tell you about them. 165 00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:41,779 Firstly, l'm going to relax for a few days in a spa... 166 00:13:41,860 --> 00:13:44,219 hopefully with my boyfriend, relax in a spa... 167 00:13:44,260 --> 00:13:48,539 hot water, you know? Wonderful! 168 00:13:48,620 --> 00:13:52,699 Then l'm going to visit some old friends in Canada 169 00:13:52,740 --> 00:13:54,939 that l haven't seen for a long time. 170 00:13:54,20 --> 00:13:57,899 So, that's good. Then what? 171 00:13:57,940 --> 00:13:58,499 Yes, then a dream: 172 00:13:59,540 --> 00:14:02,739 l'm going to travel around Turkey, 173 00:14:02,780 --> 00:14:07,979 and l'm going to go in a hot air balloon over Cappadocia. 174 00:14:07,20 --> 00:14:10,459 Fabulous. Then what? 175 00:14:11,540 --> 00:14:19,539 l'm going to organise a surprise holiday for my parents in Egypt. 176 00:14:19,580 --> 00:14:21,259 Another thing let's see... another intention that l have... 177 00:14:21,300 --> 00:14:26,659 Oh yes, l'm going to buy another double bass for my boyfriend 178 00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:28,779 because, you know... 179 00:14:28,820 --> 00:14:34,899 it's an expensive instrument and he needs it for his work, so... 180 00:14:34,980 --> 00:14:36,179 l'm going to buy that. 181 00:14:37,340 --> 00:14:39,699 Then what? 182 00:14:39,740 --> 00:14:45,459 l'm going to buy another Jack Russell Terrier to keep Zukie companion. 183 00:14:46,500 --> 00:14:49,419 And the last thing well... l think... 184 00:14:49,460 --> 00:14:54,739 l'm going to put the rest in the bank. Alright? 185 00:14:54,780 --> 00:15:00,499 Now, l was explaining to you my intentions for the future, 186 00:15:01,540 --> 00:15:05,979 and when you do that in English you use a particular form, 187 00:15:05,20 --> 00:15:07,899 in the future, and it's 'going to'. 188 00:15:07,940 --> 00:15:10,979 Let's look at that on the screen: 189 00:15:10,20 --> 00:15:14,59 So, the verb 'to be' plus 'going to' 190 00:15:14,100 --> 00:15:18,979 and then the infinitive, so the examples, that l was using, 191 00:15:18,20 --> 00:15:20,899 is this form: 192 00:15:20,980 --> 00:15:23,499 'l'm going to have some tea', for example, you see? 193 00:15:24,580 --> 00:15:28,179 The verb 'to be', 'going to' and the infinitive. 194 00:15:28,220 --> 00:15:34,659 'He's going to sing well', so 'he', third person, change the auxiliary 195 00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:37,819 'he's going to sing well', 196 00:15:37,900 --> 00:15:42,299 'everything's going to be all right' as Anne said. 197 00:15:42,340 --> 00:15:45,179 They're going to take the Tube', you know? 198 00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:50,979 The underground in London, 'they're going to take the Tube'. 199 00:15:50,60 --> 00:15:53,899 Now very often, when you hear this form, 200 00:15:53,940 --> 00:15:56,59 you hear a pronunciation like 'gonna'. 201 00:15:56,100 --> 00:15:59,939 So, 'they're gonna take the tube', 202 00:15:59,980 --> 00:16:03,59 and that's when we completely contract 'they are going to...' 203 00:16:03,100 --> 00:16:05,539 and it becomes 'gonna'. 204 00:16:05,580 --> 00:16:12,739 And often you see that in subtitles, in English, on films, 'gonna'. 205 00:16:12,780 --> 00:16:14,979 Now, the negative form, is easy, 206 00:16:14,20 --> 00:16:17,899 it's negative of the auxiliary 'to be' so... 207 00:16:17,980 --> 00:16:19,419 'l'm not going to leave tomorrow', 208 00:16:22,860 --> 00:16:26,619 'he isn't going to return soon', 209 00:16:26,660 --> 00:16:30,179 and 'we aren't going to come with you', alright? 210 00:16:30,260 --> 00:16:34,339 Sometimes you hear 'l'm not gonna...', 'he's not gonna...'. 211 00:16:34,380 --> 00:16:37,499 That's when we speak quickly, alright? 212 00:16:38,580 --> 00:16:40,699 And then the question form... again, easy, 213 00:16:40,740 --> 00:16:43,19 you invert the subject and the auxiliary: 214 00:16:43,60 --> 00:16:46,579 'how are we gonna get there?', 215 00:16:46,620 --> 00:16:48,579 'how are we going to get there?', 216 00:16:48,660 --> 00:16:50,99 'where is it gonna happen?' 217 00:16:50,180 --> 00:16:53,219 And 'when are they gonna leave?', 218 00:16:53,300 --> 00:16:55,419 Or 'are they going to leave?'. 219 00:16:55,460 --> 00:16:59,739 Alright? So, that's another form of the future, 220 00:16:59,780 --> 00:17:03,699 and you can see slowly that the English future 221 00:17:03,740 --> 00:17:05,499 is quite interesting and quite complex. 222 00:17:06,540 --> 00:17:10,139 So, when you want to talk about your intentions you use 'going to' 223 00:17:10,180 --> 00:17:14,618 and l'm going to see you in the next lesson! 224 00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:15,499 Alright? Bye for now. 225 00:17:21,20 --> 00:17:25,699 - The musical was great, wasn't it? - Yes, it was! 226 00:17:25,780 --> 00:17:27,419 Peter was excellent! 227 00:17:27,460 --> 00:17:33,739 Well, now let's think about the party! lt's time for fun! 228 00:17:33,780 --> 00:17:37,739 Uh, by the way, who is coming to the party tomorrow? 229 00:17:37,780 --> 00:17:39,59 Well... David will be here. 230 00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:43,59 Mary, Paul and Tom will be here as well... 231 00:17:43,100 --> 00:17:46,979 Everyone will be here! 232 00:17:46,20 --> 00:17:51,379 - l wonder if Jack will be here... - Jack? Why? 233 00:17:51,420 --> 00:17:55,858 He's leaving on a business trip tomorrow morning. 234 00:17:55,940 --> 00:18:01,779 He doesn't know exactly when he'll be back... 235 00:18:01,859 --> 00:18:04,899 Hey, girls! What are you talking about? 236 00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:08,99 Anne was telling me that you won't be coming to the party this evening. 237 00:18:08,140 --> 00:18:12,19 - lt isn't true, is it? - Yes it is. 238 00:18:12,60 --> 00:18:14,779 - l'm afraid l can't. - Business before pleasure... 239 00:18:15,460 --> 00:18:21,459 - You never will change, will you? - Excuse me... Hello? Oh, hi... 240 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:25,379 - l really don't have a choice. - Listen, Jack... 241 00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:29,19 l was wondering if you really have to go away on business 242 00:18:29,100 --> 00:18:34,939 or if you're not coming to Peter's party for some other reasons... 243 00:18:34,20 --> 00:18:40,19 No, Sharon! l... l do have a business engagement. 244 00:18:44,859 --> 00:18:50,99 Anyway, since you asked... l'll tell you... 245 00:18:50,180 --> 00:18:51,299 There's more... 246 00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:55,339 l'm jealous of Peter! 247 00:18:55,380 --> 00:19:00,819 Oh, come on, Jack... You only care about business... 248 00:19:00,859 --> 00:19:02,219 Sure, that's what they all say... 249 00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:11,459 But, you know... l... 250 00:19:17,619 --> 00:19:26,19 l'm interested in you... And... Sharon... 251 00:19:26,100 --> 00:19:35,579 Are you... Are you really interested in me? 252 00:19:35,619 --> 00:19:37,59 Anne, who were you talking to on the telephone? 253 00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:42,579 Mary... She wanted to know what time the party is going to start. 254 00:19:42,619 --> 00:19:46,219 l think it will start at about nine o'clock, won't it? 255 00:19:46,300 --> 00:19:52,219 Well, girls... l have to go finish my presentation. 256 00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:58,139 - See you later. Bye! - Back to work... 257 00:19:58,180 --> 00:20:02,219 You'll never quit, will you? 258 00:20:04,100 --> 00:20:08,539 What a shame that Jack isn't coming... 259 00:20:08,580 --> 00:20:10,19 He's a very interesting person... 260 00:20:10,100 --> 00:20:15,539 l wonder if you are falling in love with him! 261 00:20:15,580 --> 00:20:19,419 Come on, you can tell me! 262 00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:25,339 Okay... But don't tell anyone!... 263 00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:28,499 Yes... 264 00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:32,899 He's quite handsome... 265 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:34,459 Do you think he likes me, Sharon? 266 00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:39,699 What a question! lt's none of my business! 267 00:20:39,740 --> 00:20:42,858 Don't be so difficult, Sharon! 268 00:20:42,940 --> 00:20:47,59 l was just asking confidentially your opinion... 269 00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:50,379 You are my friend, Sharon... 270 00:20:50,460 --> 00:20:54,499 l'm sorry, Anne... 271 00:20:55,540 --> 00:21:00,618 l didn't mean to hurt your feelings, l'm just a bit nervous these days... 272 00:21:00,660 --> 00:21:04,779 - Why? - Because of Peter... 273 00:21:04,820 --> 00:21:06,19 We're having some problems... 274 00:21:06,60 --> 00:21:09,259 l'm sorry Anne, but l don't wanna talk about that... 275 00:21:09,300 --> 00:21:12,179 l've got to go... 276 00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,339 See you later. Bye bye! 277 00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:25,979 Oh, Jack! You're always so messy... 278 00:21:25,20 --> 00:21:30,779 You leave your things everywhere... 279 00:21:30,820 --> 00:21:34,259 But... 280 00:21:34,300 --> 00:21:42,858 What's this, in the pocket? 281 00:21:42,900 --> 00:21:44,99 What? 282 00:21:44,140 --> 00:21:48,19 lt's Jack and Sharon!?! 283 00:21:48,60 --> 00:21:51,939 And he's kissing her? 284 00:21:51,980 --> 00:21:55,139 Oh my God! 285 00:21:55,180 --> 00:22:00,618 Now, l understand everything... 286 00:22:04,780 --> 00:22:09,779 Hello again and welcome back to your live English language lessons! 287 00:22:09,859 --> 00:22:13,19 And in this lesson we are going to learn something about questions, 288 00:22:13,60 --> 00:22:15,259 remember how we said that English questions 289 00:22:15,300 --> 00:22:19,179 are difficult because of all those auxiliaries? 290 00:22:19,220 --> 00:22:22,499 Well, in this lesson we are going to learn something which is 291 00:22:23,580 --> 00:22:26,339 especially typical of the English language, 292 00:22:26,420 --> 00:22:31,579 they are called 'question tags'. 293 00:22:31,619 --> 00:22:35,379 Now, let me give you an example of a question tag: 294 00:22:35,420 --> 00:22:40,539 'She's unhappy, isn't she?' 295 00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:49,379 Let's look at that, so: 'she's unhappy, isn't she?' 296 00:22:49,420 --> 00:22:53,779 Strange? 'She's unhappy, isn't she?' 297 00:22:53,859 --> 00:22:57,139 Now, it's not really a question asking you for information, 298 00:22:57,220 --> 00:23:01,819 it's more a question asking for confirmation 299 00:23:01,859 --> 00:23:04,659 where do you agree, and usually the people agree, 300 00:23:04,700 --> 00:23:08,539 So 'she's unhappy, isn't she?' Yes she is. 301 00:23:08,580 --> 00:23:14,659 Look at the construction, 'she is unhappy' is in the positive form, 302 00:23:14,700 --> 00:23:18,459 and then we have the tag, it's called 'the question tag', after, 303 00:23:18,500 --> 00:23:23,339 in the verb 'to be' but in the negative question form, 304 00:23:23,380 --> 00:23:26,339 'she's unhappy, isn't she?' 305 00:23:26,380 --> 00:23:31,979 This is very common in English and not common in other languages, 306 00:23:31,60 --> 00:23:34,19 because other languages usually use 'no?', 307 00:23:34,60 --> 00:23:38,819 for example: 'She's unhappy, no?'. 308 00:23:38,900 --> 00:23:41,659 We repeat the verb. 309 00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:44,979 And because it's complicated now let's go to the screen 310 00:23:44,20 --> 00:23:48,899 and see some more examples of that. 311 00:23:48,940 --> 00:23:57,99 So, 'she's upset' is like 'she's unhappy', 'she's upset, isn't she?'. 312 00:23:57,140 --> 00:24:02,339 'You're a student...' the verb to be, 'you're a student', 313 00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:08,379 you take the verb to be 'are' and you turn it into a negative question. 314 00:24:08,460 --> 00:24:14,699 So we say: 'You're a student, aren't you?' Alright? 315 00:24:14,740 --> 00:24:20,739 Next one 'He's Brazilian, isn't he?' 316 00:24:20,820 --> 00:24:22,858 Do you see the mechanism now? 317 00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:26,618 'lt's raining, isn't it?' 318 00:24:26,660 --> 00:24:28,618 Again, l'm not asking for information, 319 00:24:28,660 --> 00:24:31,618 l'm asking for confirmation. 320 00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:36,59 'They're watching television... they are watching, aren't they?', 321 00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:39,659 'They're watching television, aren't they?' 322 00:24:39,700 --> 00:24:43,819 And you notice that my voice actually goes down at the end, 323 00:24:43,859 --> 00:24:48,99 so it's not like a real question, where your voice goes up, 324 00:24:48,140 --> 00:24:52,579 'We're learning, aren't we?' 325 00:24:52,619 --> 00:24:56,739 'You live in ltaly' now, look at this example here: 326 00:24:56,780 --> 00:25:02,19 'You live' is the present tense, so we need the auxiliary, 327 00:25:02,100 --> 00:25:07,419 of the present tense of 'live', which is not the verb 'to be', 328 00:25:07,460 --> 00:25:13,379 so look how that works: 'You live in ltaly, don't you?' 329 00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:16,179 Negative 'don't', auxiliary is 'do' 330 00:25:16,220 --> 00:25:20,979 and the negative 'don't you', interesting! 331 00:25:20,60 --> 00:25:23,179 'You live in ltaly, don't you?' 332 00:25:23,220 --> 00:25:27,59 lf we change that into the third person it becomes: 333 00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:33,499 'She likes English', what's the auxiliary? 334 00:25:34,540 --> 00:25:37,979 Exactly, 'does', in the negative? 335 00:25:37,60 --> 00:25:43,59 'Doesn't she'. So, 'she likes English, doesn't she?' 336 00:25:43,140 --> 00:25:48,419 And the last example: 'They work at home, don't they?' 337 00:25:48,460 --> 00:25:52,979 'They work at home, don't they?' 338 00:25:52,60 --> 00:25:53,379 Alright? So it's not easy, 339 00:25:53,420 --> 00:25:59,579 you have to keep in mind the auxiliaries all the time. 340 00:25:59,619 --> 00:26:03,739 What happens if we begin with a negative sentence? 341 00:26:03,780 --> 00:26:10,179 For example: 'You aren't American', well, then we use a positive tag. 342 00:26:10,220 --> 00:26:15,339 So 'you aren't American, are you?' Ok? Aren't, are. 343 00:26:15,380 --> 00:26:19,139 'She isn't a teacher, is she?' 344 00:26:19,220 --> 00:26:26,539 Negative, positive, 'he isn't watching TV, is he?' 345 00:26:26,619 --> 00:26:30,979 'They aren't playing today, are they?' 346 00:26:30,20 --> 00:26:32,979 Let's change to the present tense: 347 00:26:32,20 --> 00:26:37,19 'You don't play tennis, do you?' 348 00:26:37,60 --> 00:26:40,179 We use the auxiliary do, 'do you?' 349 00:26:40,260 --> 00:26:45,19 Question form, 'it doesn't work, does it?' 350 00:26:45,100 --> 00:26:52,659 Third person, 'she doesn't like him, does she?' 351 00:26:52,700 --> 00:26:56,899 'They don't come often, do they?' 352 00:26:56,940 --> 00:26:57,459 Now you're probably thinking: 'God! 353 00:26:58,500 --> 00:27:04,259 That's difficult!' and it's not easy, it takes a lot of practice, 354 00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:06,339 but when you know your auxiliaries well, 355 00:27:06,420 --> 00:27:09,299 it becomes easier and easier, ok? 356 00:27:09,380 --> 00:27:13,419 So, don't worry, slowly but surely as we say, 357 00:27:13,460 --> 00:27:16,499 now let's turn to 'That's life!' 358 00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:20,419 and our friends are having a party, let's go and join them, bye! 359 00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:31,899 lt's a shame Jack isn't here, isn't it? 360 00:27:31,940 --> 00:27:36,539 Yes, it's just not the same without him, is it? 361 00:27:36,580 --> 00:27:39,339 Well, business is business, you know... 362 00:27:39,380 --> 00:27:44,499 Well, Anne, l wonder what wonderful food you cooked for us this evening... 363 00:27:45,540 --> 00:27:50,858 Anne, hello! Are you there? 364 00:27:50,900 --> 00:27:56,979 Oh! Sorry, Peter. l was miles away... 365 00:27:56,60 --> 00:27:59,339 - What did you say? - What did you cook for us? 366 00:27:59,380 --> 00:28:06,299 - Oh... Your favourite! Fish and chips! - Oh... What would l do without you? 367 00:28:06,340 --> 00:28:11,858 Hey, what about me? l brought the beer! 368 00:28:11,940 --> 00:28:15,819 Yes, we are glad you did. Cheers! 369 00:28:15,859 --> 00:28:21,539 Cheers! To Peter's success! 370 00:28:21,619 --> 00:28:26,219 Well, guys... This is the right time for an important announcement... 371 00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:29,379 Last night, there was a famous director at the theatre... 372 00:28:29,460 --> 00:28:32,819 We met after the show and he told me 373 00:28:32,859 --> 00:28:36,139 he is preparing a musical to be performed all over Japan... 374 00:28:36,220 --> 00:28:40,979 So, he wants to see me for an audition next week! 375 00:28:40,60 --> 00:28:48,459 Cheers! You'll be famous soon, Peter! 376 00:28:49,540 --> 00:28:53,299 - Surprise! - Jack! 377 00:28:53,380 --> 00:28:57,579 Well, well, not so dedicated to your work, are you?! 378 00:28:57,660 --> 00:29:02,59 - Peter, get me a beer! - Now you're talking... 379 00:29:12,740 --> 00:29:20,539 - Hi Anne! ls everything okay? - Yes... 380 00:29:20,580 --> 00:29:24,99 No, Jack! 381 00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:31,59 Everything is fine! lt was just really a surprise to me! 382 00:29:40,860 --> 00:29:44,899 Hello and welcome back again for some more English. 383 00:29:44,940 --> 00:29:48,19 Now, at that party everybody seemed happy except Anne. 384 00:29:48,60 --> 00:29:53,179 And nobody really noticed what was happening between Sharon and Jack, 385 00:29:53,220 --> 00:29:57,139 well, anyway let's get back to English questions. 386 00:29:57,180 --> 00:30:01,259 Last time we studied question tags, 387 00:30:01,300 --> 00:30:05,259 but this time l want to look at another question form in English 388 00:30:05,300 --> 00:30:07,339 which is very important. 389 00:30:07,380 --> 00:30:11,139 Now when you don't know the subject you need 390 00:30:11,220 --> 00:30:16,59 to ask a question in order to get the subject. 391 00:30:16,100 --> 00:30:18,619 Now let me explain that. 392 00:30:18,660 --> 00:30:21,499 Usually in a normal question in English like: 393 00:30:22,540 --> 00:30:27,739 'Where do you work?' the subject form is in the question 394 00:30:27,780 --> 00:30:30,819 'Where do you work?' and the answer would be: 395 00:30:30,860 --> 00:30:33,819 'l work in London'. 396 00:30:33,860 --> 00:30:37,19 But if l want to ask you about the subject, 397 00:30:37,60 --> 00:30:41,179 l have to change the question and it becomes 398 00:30:41,220 --> 00:30:45,379 'Who works in London?' 399 00:30:45,420 --> 00:30:50,939 Now that question is asking for the subject and the answer could be: 400 00:30:50,20 --> 00:30:55,19 'My brother', the subject, 'works in London'. 401 00:30:55,100 --> 00:31:01,99 Now, the good thing is... we eliminate the auxiliaries, 402 00:31:01,180 --> 00:31:05,859 do and does.Yahoo! 403 00:31:05,900 --> 00:31:07,859 l can hear you say it. 404 00:31:07,900 --> 00:31:12,899 Let's do some examples before we go to the screen ok? 405 00:31:12,980 --> 00:31:15,539 Now l'll ask you some questions, for example: 406 00:31:15,580 --> 00:31:17,339 'Who likes English?' 407 00:31:17,380 --> 00:31:21,739 Notice that there's the S on the verb, 408 00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:24,139 because 'who' is considered a third person. 409 00:31:24,220 --> 00:31:31,939 'Who likes English?' l do, you do, for example, alright? 410 00:31:31,980 --> 00:31:36,899 'Who lives in igloos?' Now give me the subject, 411 00:31:36,940 --> 00:31:41,19 'Who lives in igloos?' 412 00:31:41,60 --> 00:31:45,139 Exactly, Eskimos live in igloos, alright? 413 00:31:45,180 --> 00:31:48,819 You give me the subject. 414 00:31:48,860 --> 00:31:53,699 Now, answer this one: 'Who cultivates rice?' 415 00:31:53,780 --> 00:31:58,539 'Who cultivates rice?' Yeah? 416 00:31:58,620 --> 00:32:04,299 The Chinese, the ltalians, Southeast Asian countries, ok, good. 417 00:32:04,340 --> 00:32:12,659 Next one: 'Who sings musicals, in 'That's life!'?' 418 00:32:12,740 --> 00:32:16,19 Exactly, Jack sings musicals, great. 419 00:32:16,60 --> 00:32:21,179 'Who wants to be an artist?' l'm asking you for the subject, 420 00:32:21,220 --> 00:32:25,739 'Who wants to be an artist?' 421 00:32:25,780 --> 00:32:29,299 Yeah! Alice does, Alice wants to be an artist. 422 00:32:29,340 --> 00:32:34,939 And 'Who likes Jack?' 423 00:32:34,20 --> 00:32:38,699 Well, Sharon does... Anne does... 424 00:32:38,780 --> 00:32:42,699 and so does Alice, he's a lucky man! 425 00:32:42,740 --> 00:32:46,99 Alright? Now let's go to the screen and see those written, 426 00:32:46,180 --> 00:32:52,779 because is unusual for you now to learn a question with no auxiliary. 427 00:32:52,860 --> 00:32:55,219 So, what happens is: 428 00:32:55,260 --> 00:33:00,859 you have the word 'who' which is the question word, 429 00:33:00,940 --> 00:33:03,459 and you eliminate the auxiliary. 430 00:33:04,500 --> 00:33:07,539 lf you look at the first example, which is the typical question, 431 00:33:07,620 --> 00:33:13,699 'Who do you live with?' you're asking for the object, 432 00:33:13,780 --> 00:33:15,499 and the answer could be: 'Your family' for example. 433 00:33:16,540 --> 00:33:21,379 'Who do you live with?', the subject is 'you', you ask for the object. 434 00:33:21,460 --> 00:33:28,539 But 'who leaves with you?' you are asking for the subject, 435 00:33:28,620 --> 00:33:32,819 and the answer could be: 'My family'. 436 00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:35,379 Let's look at more examples, no auxiliary, 437 00:33:35,460 --> 00:33:40,819 so 'Who works in an office?', 438 00:33:40,900 --> 00:33:44,339 'He does', 'Who likes English?', 439 00:33:44,380 --> 00:33:49,579 'We do', 'who lives in igloos?', 440 00:33:49,660 --> 00:33:54,939 'Eskimos live in igloos', 'Who cultivates rice?', 441 00:33:54,980 --> 00:33:57,619 'The ltalians, the Chinese', 442 00:33:57,660 --> 00:34:03,739 'Who understands Russian?', 'l don't... do you?', 443 00:34:03,780 --> 00:34:06,739 'Who sings musicals?', 444 00:34:06,820 --> 00:34:10,99 'Peter does', 'Who wants to be an artist?', 445 00:34:10,180 --> 00:34:17,499 'Alice', and 'Who likes Jack?', 'We all do'. 446 00:34:18,580 --> 00:34:21,419 So, very interesting this, and we will look at it again, 447 00:34:21,460 --> 00:34:24,499 in the future, but remember this is one occasion, 448 00:34:25,540 --> 00:34:30,139 the only occasion, where you don't need auxiliaries in the question form, 449 00:34:30,219 --> 00:34:32,259 when you're asking for the subject. 450 00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:36,819 So, who understands this? 451 00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:41,19 We do, so l'll see you again soon, take care, bye! 452 00:34:45,180 --> 00:34:50,699 Good afternoon, welcome to this week's edition of 'Sports Special'. 453 00:34:50,780 --> 00:34:54,539 And welcome to John Forbes, our sports expert. 454 00:34:54,620 --> 00:34:58,699 Hello Eric and good afternoon to all our sports fans! 455 00:34:58,739 --> 00:35:02,19 Well John, which sport are you going to talk about today? 456 00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:05,218 Today l'd like to talk about rugby. 457 00:35:05,260 --> 00:35:12,179 Fantastic! l'm a real rugby fan! l think it's a really exciting sport! 458 00:35:12,260 --> 00:35:17,699 John, a question, where did rugby start? 459 00:35:17,780 --> 00:35:21,659 Well, you know Rugby is a town in England, near Birmingham. 460 00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:22,819 Yes... 461 00:35:22,900 --> 00:35:25,859 There's a famous school there called 'Rugby School', 462 00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:30,379 it's one of the oldest schools in England. lt opened in 1567. 463 00:35:30,420 --> 00:35:34,619 Anyway, boys at this school started the game. 464 00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:38,699 Really... And where is rugby played today? 465 00:35:38,739 --> 00:35:41,499 lt's played all round the world but there are eight main countries, 466 00:35:42,580 --> 00:35:48,179 these are lreland, Wales, England, Scotland, France, Australia, 467 00:35:48,219 --> 00:35:51,738 New Zealand and South Africa. 468 00:35:51,780 --> 00:35:55,459 And it's becoming more popular today in ltaly and Argentina. 469 00:35:56,500 --> 00:35:58,699 Who plays rugby? 470 00:35:58,739 --> 00:36:01,179 Mainly men, but there are more and more women's teams. 471 00:36:01,219 --> 00:36:03,659 Really women? 472 00:36:03,700 --> 00:36:04,339 That's a surprise! 473 00:36:04,420 --> 00:36:05,379 That's right! 474 00:36:05,420 --> 00:36:09,19 There are more than 4oo women's teams in England today! 475 00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:15,539 l see. John, can you explain to our viewers how to play rugby? 476 00:36:15,620 --> 00:36:19,819 Of course! Remember, rugby's very different from soccer, 477 00:36:19,860 --> 00:36:21,459 the ball's oval, like an egg. 478 00:36:22,500 --> 00:36:26,19 There are 15 players in a team and the players can carry the ball. 479 00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:31,699 ln fact the aim is to run fast with the ball in your hands... 480 00:36:31,780 --> 00:36:34,299 And what about a 'tackle'? What's that? 481 00:36:34,380 --> 00:36:37,899 To stop a player of the opponent's team running 482 00:36:37,940 --> 00:36:39,299 with the ball you 'tackle' him... 483 00:36:39,340 --> 00:36:42,379 You catch his legs and pull him to the ground. 484 00:36:42,460 --> 00:36:45,659 That sounds dangerous! 485 00:36:45,739 --> 00:36:48,259 Yes, it can be. There are lots of injuries in rugby. 486 00:36:48,340 --> 00:36:50,299 lt's a very physical game... 487 00:36:50,340 --> 00:36:53,699 How do you score? 488 00:36:53,739 --> 00:36:55,259 Well, you run with the ball and put it down 489 00:36:55,300 --> 00:36:59,579 on the ground at the opponents' end of the pitch. 490 00:36:59,660 --> 00:37:01,619 Of course your opponents do everything 491 00:37:01,700 --> 00:37:05,899 they can to stop you from reaching their end of the pitch! 492 00:37:05,940 --> 00:37:08,779 You score a try if you cross the try line 493 00:37:08,820 --> 00:37:10,259 and put the ball down on the ground, 494 00:37:10,340 --> 00:37:16,619 you can also score points by kicking the ball between the two goalposts. 495 00:37:16,660 --> 00:37:20,499 The goalposts are very high, if you do this you score a goal. 496 00:37:21,540 --> 00:37:24,499 So, there are tries and there are goals? 497 00:37:25,540 --> 00:37:26,659 That's right... 498 00:37:26,739 --> 00:37:30,819 Just one more question, what are 'scrums'? 499 00:37:30,860 --> 00:37:34,619 Scrums are special to rugby, players from the two sides 500 00:37:34,660 --> 00:37:37,939 push against each other to try to get the ball. 501 00:37:37,980 --> 00:37:39,419 Scrums sound dangerous too! 502 00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:43,619 Yes, they can be dangerous... but it's fun, 503 00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:45,659 you know l used to play rugby... 504 00:37:45,739 --> 00:37:46,459 Really? 505 00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:50,939 Yes but l injured my shoulder and had to stop. 506 00:37:50,20 --> 00:37:51,499 l just watch now! 507 00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:56,619 Well, l sometimes watch a game on Saturday afternoons, 508 00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:57,218 how about coming along? 509 00:37:57,260 --> 00:37:59,619 Sure. 510 00:37:59,660 --> 00:38:01,779 How about next weekend? 511 00:38:01,820 --> 00:38:04,499 Great! Ok, thank you John! 512 00:38:05,580 --> 00:38:10,939 Goodbye... and goodbye to all our sports fans. 513 00:38:10,980 --> 00:38:14,939 See you next week for another edition of 'Sports Special'! 514 00:38:17,660 --> 00:38:20,939 So like in football the group of players 515 00:38:20,20 --> 00:38:24,539 that play rugby together is called 'a team'. 516 00:38:24,580 --> 00:38:31,899 ln rugby it's called a 'rugby team' and there are 15 players in a team. 517 00:38:31,940 --> 00:38:35,59 The players are called 'rugby players'. 518 00:38:35,100 --> 00:38:37,819 Where do they play? 519 00:38:37,860 --> 00:38:39,979 On a rugby pitch. 520 00:38:39,20 --> 00:38:42,539 We also say a football pitch, 521 00:38:42,580 --> 00:38:47,699 which is where football players play football and a cricket pitch, 522 00:38:47,739 --> 00:38:50,179 where cricket players play cricket. 523 00:38:50,219 --> 00:38:56,619 When we go to watch a rugby match we go to a rugby ground. 524 00:38:56,660 --> 00:39:00,619 Well as John said, rugby can be dangerous. 525 00:39:00,660 --> 00:39:04,179 ln fact there are lots of injuries in rugby. 526 00:39:04,260 --> 00:39:09,779 An injury is when you hurt or damage a part of the body. 527 00:39:09,820 --> 00:39:13,419 lf a player has a serious injury then he cannot play. 528 00:39:13,460 --> 00:39:16,218 To injure is a regular verb. 529 00:39:16,260 --> 00:39:23,339 For example if you break your arm you say 'l injured my arm'. 530 00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:26,99 Why is rugby so dangerous? 531 00:39:26,140 --> 00:39:29,499 Well it's a very physical sport. 532 00:39:30,540 --> 00:39:32,339 This means you use your body a lot 533 00:39:32,380 --> 00:39:38,619 and there is a lot of contact with the other players. 534 00:39:38,660 --> 00:39:40,419 When a player 'tackles', he stops a player 535 00:39:40,460 --> 00:39:44,899 from the other team by pulling him to the ground. 536 00:39:44,940 --> 00:39:46,299 This is called a tackle. 537 00:39:46,340 --> 00:39:49,779 To tackle is the verb. 538 00:39:49,860 --> 00:39:53,619 The aim of a tackle is to get the ball. 539 00:39:53,660 --> 00:39:55,99 You can tackle in football too, 540 00:39:55,180 --> 00:39:59,99 but you can only use your feet to get the ball, 541 00:39:59,140 --> 00:40:03,419 in rugby you use your whole body! 542 00:40:04,500 --> 00:40:06,539 What about 'a scrum'? 543 00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:09,619 This is a term specific to rugby. 544 00:40:09,700 --> 00:40:14,699 A scrum is when all the players push against each other to get the ball. 545 00:40:14,780 --> 00:40:20,539 As John explained, in rugby there are two different ways of scoring. 546 00:40:20,620 --> 00:40:23,139 To score means to win a point for your team. 547 00:40:23,219 --> 00:40:26,499 You score a try when the ball touches the ground. 548 00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:32,939 You score a goal when you kick the ball between the two goalposts. 549 00:40:32,980 --> 00:40:36,339 Well sports fans, that's all we have time for today see you next time! 550 00:40:39,140 --> 00:40:42,579 Good afternoon and welcome to this week's edition 551 00:40:42,620 --> 00:40:43,99 of 'The Travel Programme'. 552 00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:47,579 And of course welcome to Christine Oteng, our travel expert! 553 00:40:47,660 --> 00:40:48,939 Hello Lucy! 554 00:40:48,980 --> 00:40:49,939 Well Christine, 555 00:40:49,980 --> 00:40:52,859 do you know that one of the main causes of stress 556 00:40:52,900 --> 00:40:54,19 in the west is air travel? 557 00:40:54,100 --> 00:40:58,379 According to research from the University of lllinois in the USA. 558 00:40:58,420 --> 00:41:01,859 You know that doesn't surprise me! 559 00:41:01,900 --> 00:41:04,99 Air travel can be a very stressful experience. 560 00:41:04,140 --> 00:41:07,19 lt seems that a lot of people start to feel nervous 561 00:41:07,100 --> 00:41:10,939 in the travel agency when they're buying the ticket 562 00:41:10,980 --> 00:41:13,939 or when they're buying the ticket online at home. 563 00:41:13,980 --> 00:41:14,779 Really? 564 00:41:14,820 --> 00:41:16,179 Well why don't we give our viewers some advice 565 00:41:16,260 --> 00:41:21,539 on how to reduce that stress and enjoy air travel more? 566 00:41:21,620 --> 00:41:25,579 Sure! Just follow a few simple rules 567 00:41:25,620 --> 00:41:28,899 and you'll fly without any stress at all. 568 00:41:28,980 --> 00:41:32,179 The first rule: don't arrive at the airport late! 569 00:41:32,219 --> 00:41:35,339 l always arrive late. 570 00:41:35,380 --> 00:41:37,419 That's not a good idea! 571 00:41:38,500 --> 00:41:41,619 For a start if you arrive at the airport early 572 00:41:41,700 --> 00:41:43,979 you have plenty of time to check-in, 573 00:41:43,60 --> 00:41:46,699 you can go straight through passport control 574 00:41:46,739 --> 00:41:47,218 and the security check, 575 00:41:47,260 --> 00:41:50,979 then you have plenty of time to relax! 576 00:41:50,20 --> 00:41:55,539 You can do some shopping, have a drink, read a magazine or a book. 577 00:41:55,580 --> 00:41:58,459 All stress free without worrying about missing the flight. 578 00:41:58,500 --> 00:42:01,699 You're right, Christine! 579 00:42:01,739 --> 00:42:03,699 lt's important to arrive at the airport 580 00:42:03,780 --> 00:42:06,539 with plenty of time to spare! 581 00:42:06,580 --> 00:42:10,19 And what else can l do to make air travel less stressful? 582 00:42:10,100 --> 00:42:14,699 Well, another cause of stress is the amount of luggage 583 00:42:14,739 --> 00:42:18,819 that we take with us, we always take too much! 584 00:42:18,860 --> 00:42:24,19 Listen, don't take more than 2o kg and only take one suitcase! 585 00:42:24,60 --> 00:42:27,579 Check the weight before you leave home, 586 00:42:27,620 --> 00:42:29,979 and relax at the check-in, 587 00:42:29,20 --> 00:42:33,459 there's no need now to worry about excess baggage charges. 588 00:42:34,500 --> 00:42:36,139 lt's always relaxing to save money. 589 00:42:36,180 --> 00:42:40,139 Definitely! And one last thing on the topic of luggage... 590 00:42:40,180 --> 00:42:42,579 Yes... 591 00:42:42,620 --> 00:42:43,59 Hand luggage: 592 00:42:43,100 --> 00:42:47,979 take one small bag and don't put too much in it! 593 00:42:47,20 --> 00:42:50,459 Remember you'll have to carry this around the airport! 594 00:42:50,500 --> 00:42:52,139 Good advice. 595 00:42:52,219 --> 00:42:55,979 You know many people have a fear of flying, 596 00:42:55,20 --> 00:42:59,899 these people become nervous when the plane takes off and lands. 597 00:42:59,940 --> 00:43:03,459 Of course, l understand that people may feel nervous at these moments. 598 00:43:04,500 --> 00:43:07,259 They should remember that flying is the safest way to travel. 599 00:43:07,340 --> 00:43:10,299 So, relax and enjoy the flight! 600 00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:14,779 And you shouldn't look out the windows too much. 601 00:43:14,860 --> 00:43:17,819 Why not? Clouds are relaxing! 602 00:43:17,860 --> 00:43:21,859 But if you do feel nervous you could try taking a tranquiliser. 603 00:43:21,900 --> 00:43:24,339 lf you have a real fear of flying they can help you relax! 604 00:43:24,380 --> 00:43:26,939 Don't take too many though! 605 00:43:26,980 --> 00:43:27,259 Of course not! 606 00:43:27,300 --> 00:43:31,459 And try closing your eyes as the plane takes-off and lands, 607 00:43:32,500 --> 00:43:34,99 think of the beautiful place you're going to 608 00:43:34,140 --> 00:43:37,899 or the wonderful holiday you've just had... 609 00:43:37,940 --> 00:43:41,699 Well! How to enjoy stress free air travel: 610 00:43:41,780 --> 00:43:43,499 don't arrive at the airport late! 611 00:43:44,540 --> 00:43:46,59 Don't take too much luggage! 612 00:43:46,100 --> 00:43:49,139 After passport control and the security check, 613 00:43:49,180 --> 00:43:53,539 relax with a drink and something interesting to read! 614 00:43:53,620 --> 00:43:55,499 Or perhaps do some shopping! 615 00:43:56,580 --> 00:43:59,619 And, once you're on the plane remember that flying 616 00:43:59,660 --> 00:44:01,859 is the safest way to travel. 617 00:44:01,940 --> 00:44:05,59 So, thanks Christine for this very useful advice and goodye! 618 00:44:05,100 --> 00:44:09,259 Goodbye Lucy and safe travelling! 619 00:44:09,300 --> 00:44:12,339 See you soon with another edition of 'The Travel Programme'! 620 00:44:12,420 --> 00:44:13,379 Goodbye! 621 00:44:15,140 --> 00:44:20,499 Well l certainly didn't know that air travel could cause so much stress! 622 00:44:21,540 --> 00:44:25,979 Air travel is the general expression for everything to do with flying. 623 00:44:25,20 --> 00:44:29,539 So the stress can even start when people buy their tickets 624 00:44:29,580 --> 00:44:32,539 at the travel agency or online. 625 00:44:32,580 --> 00:44:33,979 The travel agency 626 00:44:33,20 --> 00:44:37,699 is the place where you book a holiday or buy an air-ticket. 627 00:44:37,780 --> 00:44:40,899 'Online' means you buy the ticket on the lnternet 628 00:44:40,940 --> 00:44:42,499 and you pay by credit card. 629 00:44:43,540 --> 00:44:45,139 To avoid stress you should arrive at the airport 630 00:44:45,180 --> 00:44:48,619 with plenty of time to spare. 631 00:44:48,700 --> 00:44:53,379 To have plenty of time to spare means you have lots of time to relax. 632 00:44:53,420 --> 00:44:57,539 Notice how we say 'arrive at the airport'. 633 00:44:57,580 --> 00:44:59,939 And relax is a verb. 634 00:44:59,980 --> 00:45:02,19 So you should arrive at the airport early, 635 00:45:02,60 --> 00:45:05,738 so you can relax before the flight. 636 00:45:05,780 --> 00:45:09,979 lf you arrive at the airport late you could miss the flight. 637 00:45:09,60 --> 00:45:12,419 'To miss the flight' means you can't get on the plane 638 00:45:12,460 --> 00:45:15,899 and it leaves without you. 639 00:45:15,980 --> 00:45:17,699 Before you can get on the plane 640 00:45:17,739 --> 00:45:19,339 you have to go through passport control, 641 00:45:19,380 --> 00:45:23,299 this is where you show your passport to an official. 642 00:45:23,340 --> 00:45:26,699 You have to go through the security check, 643 00:45:26,780 --> 00:45:30,218 this is where you put your hand luggage into the x-ray machine. 644 00:45:30,260 --> 00:45:34,299 Hand luggage is the bag you take on the plane with you. 645 00:45:34,340 --> 00:45:39,779 Luggage is the general word for suitcases and bags. 646 00:45:39,860 --> 00:45:44,139 A suitcase is a kind of bag where you put your clothes and shoes. 647 00:45:44,180 --> 00:45:47,459 Now some people have 'a fear of flying'. 648 00:45:48,500 --> 00:45:51,779 This means they are afraid of flying and they get nervous 649 00:45:51,860 --> 00:45:53,379 when the plane takes off and lands. 650 00:45:53,420 --> 00:45:57,539 When the plane takes off, it leaves the ground. 651 00:45:57,580 --> 00:46:00,19 And when a plane lands, it touches the ground again. 652 00:46:00,100 --> 00:46:04,979 So remember flying is the safest way to travel! 653 00:46:04,20 --> 00:46:05,419 See you soon, bye bye!